Silozi-English dictionary

This dictionary is contained in five files:

S

 S.ss, pronounced as s in sea (but is never pronounced z as in his ).

sa1 adv. of negation: Not, used with dependent tenses of the verb: Niha ni sa pakeli, ni ta yo fita; I shall arrive even if I do not leave very early.

sa2 adv. still: Lu sa ambola, we are still talking together; no more; any longer; Ha ni sa mu hupuia; I do not remember him anymore.

sa3, pron. subj. sing. (class si-li) used when the verb has no object; it: Si-kekele sa ni tusa, the plough helps me.

sa4, poss. part. sing. (class si-li and si-bi): Ki silabo sa ka, it is my paddle; sibala sa mukolo, a defective plank of a canoe.

(siie) v.i. (1) to come to an end (the night): BusEhu se bu ya kwa ku sa, the night is waning. (see -sisa). syn. -yanduluka, -patalala; (2) to stop raining: Pula ya sa cwale, it is about to stop raining.

Saa, n. Iower council of principal headmen.

saba (sabile) v.t. to fear, to be afraid of; to be shy. der. sabo, sisa-belo. syn. -cila. cf. -susa. rel. -sabela (sabezi) to take refuge or shelter in: Pula ye ni ka i sabela kai? where shall I find shelter against this rain caus. -sabisa (sabisize) (1) to frighten, to daunt; (2) to be dread-ful, terrible: Ndwa ki sika se si sabisa, war is a dreadful thing; (3) to cause or help to escape: Ha ne ku bulawa linja ba ba–wi ne ba sabi-selize za bona mwa mushitu, when the dogs were being killed (be-cause of rabies), many people saved theirs by taking them to the forest. stat. -sabeha (sabehile) to be dreadful, frightful. int. -s belelela (sabelelezi) to fear and go for good: Mutu yani u sabelelezi, ha sa tola a bonwafa hape; that man had the fright of his life and went for good, so he will never be seen here again m. -sabana (sabani or s ba-nile) to fear each other. freq. -sa-ban8a to be inclined to fear. red. -saba-saba (saba-sabile) to fear without reason. ref. -isabisa (Isabl-size) to protect oneself against: U isabisafela mabisi a mwa makapa ki amande mwa tfi; you refuse with-out reason to use condensed milk but it is good in tea.

sabasimbi (bo-) n. Leya Toka a man  who prefers women's company to that of men.

Sabata, n. Eng. Sabbath.

sabela (li-) n. kind of fish.

sabo, n. fear, fright (from -saba).

sabule (li-) n. Eng. sabre, sword.

ssela (ma-) n. Iarge circular house (introduced by the Kololo). c. simbangu.

-safala (safalile) v.i. to suffer from caus. -safalisa (safalisize) to make someone suffer. ref. -isafalisa (isa-falisize) to worry oneself, to tor-ment oneself.

safunyuka, n. a warped or missha-pen object (paddle. shoe, etc.). (from -funyuka).

safwimpa (bo-) n. a short person. ~h (sahile) v.t. Eng. to saw. dÇ. musahi, saha. rel. ~hela (sahezi) to saw for someone. caus. -sahisa (sahisize) to order or to help to saw. int. ~helela (sahelezi) to complete sawing.

saha (liő- or ma-) n. Eng. saw.

sabubulal (bo-) n. sweeper of the Li-tunga's yard or of the Kuta. (from -huhula)

sahuhula2 (bo-) n. town-crier (from -hubula).

saks (ma-) n. En8. sack, bag. fig. great eater.

sakJcompole (bo-) n. Pied King-fisher. syn. mutangalati, nengeleie.

sakaWkoto (bo-) n. a very big and strong man. fig. any huge bird, animai, etc.

sJkana (II- or ma-) n. cattle enclo-sure (kraal) syn. mulaks.

sakata, n. taken adjectively; per-fect: bupilo sakata, perfect life eternal life; mutu sakata, a perfect man.

-sakateb (sakatezi) or -sikatels (si-kstezi) v.t. to grasp, to lay hands on something.

sakawami, n. kind of grass.

sakayaya (bo-) n. very large crea-ture, (man, lion, crocodile, etc.)

sakokala (bo-) n. Luyana. a cripple walking on his knees. (from -kokala).

sakulala (bo-) n. Luyana. Iistless person. (from -lala).

sala (li-) n. Iitter on which to carry the dead.

-sala2 (salile) v.t. to winnow. der. musalo. fi8. to slander, to calumni-ate.

sakl (li-) n. Eng. saddle.

sale2 dem. pron. (class si-li or si-bi-) 4th Degree, that.

sali (liali) n. Luyana. asthma, whooping cough, etc., (formerly believed to be caused by the breaking of taboos) syn. sishako.

 saluluti, n. Luyana. bias, prejudice, discrimination. (from -alulula).

~ma (samlie) v.t. to pillow, to use something as a pillow. der. musamo. rel. -samela (samezi) to prepare a pillow for soőneone: Mu nangule mukuli kwa toho lu mu samele hande: lift up the patient's head, so that we may arrange his pillow.

samahongo (bo-) n. Mbunda. Iikishi dancer wearing a huge mask and using a deep voice to frighten people.

samakwenanga, n. Ioneliness, be-reavement. (from -kwenanga).

samawawa (bo-) n. sterile man.

s mbs (II- or bo-) n. Yellow-billed Duck.

sambamba (bo-) n. Grey-headed Gull.

sambambi (bo-) n. a person who speak everything without re-Rection.

S"mbi (bo-) n. title of the chief pre-siding over the Nalolo Kuta.

sJmendel (liw or bo-) n. bracelet made of celluloid or plastic matter.

samende2 (li~) n. En8. cement.

sameza (samelize) v.t. to use a wife's thigh as a pillow as an expression of love.

-sampuka (sampukile) v.i. to become tasteless, insipid; to lose savour. der. masampululwa. syn. -amuba, -tapuha. int. ~mpukelela (sampukelezi) to be quite tasteless, to be completely insipid.

Samul (li-) n. En8. Psalm.

samu2 (li-s) n. Luyana. African axe.

samutamunene or samuteshumi, adv. Iong ago, in former times. cl. sapili.

samutandeti, sdv. Luyana. perhaps, may be. syn. mwendi, mutomu–wi.

sana, n. area along the edge of the Bulozi Plain.

sanasulwe (bo- or ka-) n. hare rabbit. syn. shakame, sanondo, fig a clever, astute person.

sanda (lianda) n. (1) inheritance: Ku ca sanda, to inherit; (2) place where ancestors lived.

saxdi (liandi) n. reed mat used to trap fish.

sando (li-) n. hammer.

sangalwembe (bo-) n. kind of tree (Dialiopsis Africana)

sanganu (lia-) n. (also sianganu) an insane person.

sango or siango (li ngo) n. (1) com-pany, group of people: Na ha ni lati sango ni batu ba ba maswe; I do not like the company of wicked people (2) friendship.

sani, dem. pron. sig. (class si-li- or si-bi-) Third Degree: that; Silabo sani si kai? where is that paddle? Siseme sani mu yo si lata; go and toss aside that bad mat.

sankumwine (bo-) n. a drunkard.

sanondo (bo-) n. hare, rabbit. syn. sanasulwe, shskame.

sanung na (bo-) n. Yellow-throated Sand-grouse.

sapili, adv. formerly, before, previ-ously. cfi samuts_ne.

sass, ad;. black with white stripes round the breast and back. (male cattle. with reference to female cattle sasana.)

sasa2 (sasik or sasize) v.t. to rub: Ku sasa mulyani to rub ointment. cf. -lamh, -toz~; -pikita. fig. to involve fasely someone in a case- to accuse: Mu sike mwa ni sasa mwa litaba za mina, do not involve me in your affairs. rel. ~seza (sase-ue) to rub for someone. c us. -sasisa (sasisize) to hdp to rub. red. ~sa~ (s s ~gize) to rub inef-ficiently or lightly ref. -i (is -size) to rub oneself.

sasana, n. isolation, quarantine: Sapili ba mbingwa ne ba pila mwa sasana, in the past lepers were living in isolated quaners.

sany l (s sanyize) v.t. to beat, to strike. syn. -nata, ku-shap, etc.

sanya (sasanyize) v.t. to put a pot on the fire.

sasibo (bo-) n. Black Crowned Bush Shrike or Angola Black-headed Tichagra. (bird).

sasimbi (bo-) n. police constable (carrying handcuffs).

sas ka (s sukik) v.i. to rush out to any kind of attraction. der. liss-suka. rel. ~keb (s sukezi) to ~ to (a place) caus. ~sukis (s suki-size) to cause to ~.

sat or dats (lista) n. palm of the hand. syn. sigu~di.

satabbl (sat lalile) v.i. to refuse very strongly with good reason. cf. -hana. c us. ~tglslis (s tslsliw size) to cause to ~.

satabls2 (s t lalile) v.i. to resist very strongly when fighting.

stsmbi (bo-) n. a dumb person.  syn. simumu.

Satani (bo-) n. Eng. Satan, the Devil. fig. wicked person.

Satoli, n. Queen Victoria.

-sawana (swani or sawanOe) v.t. to denigrate, to calumniate, to slander der. I;s wana, busawana. syn. -seba, -tebeta, -ungwatala, etc.

sayaondo (li-) n. Luyana. hatchet made of very strong steel and used by blacksmiths.

sel adv. already: Ni se ni mu boni, I have already seen him.

se2, dem. pron. sing. (class si-li and sibi-) Ist Degree, this, that: Silabo se mu si lekile kai? where did you buy this paddle !

se3, rel. pron. sing. (class si-li- and si-bi;) which, that: Sibala se si ngong-otezwi mwa mukolo, the plank which has been nailed onto the canoe.

-seba (sebile) v.t. to denigrate, to slander, to calumniate. der. musebl, lusebo. syn. -sawana, -tebeta, -ungwatala, etc. rel. -sebela (sebezl) to whisper, to, to tell a secret to. rec. -sebana (xbanl or se-banile) to calumniate each other. freq. -sebanga to be inclined to ~.

-sebeza (sebelize) v.i. & v.t. to work, to do, to labour. der. musebezi, mu-sebelezo, sebeiezo, sebelis no, cf. -beleka, -tembuka. flg. to feach (as suffering): Ha u sa lati ku sebeza, ni wena tala i ta ku sebeza; if you do not like to work, hunger will cer-tainly teach you. rel. -sebeleza (se-belelize) (1) to work for, to serve (2) to worship: Ku sebeleza Mulimu, ki makalelo a butali, to worship God is the beginning of wisdom. caus. -sebelisa (sebellsize) to give work to someone, to super-vise workmen- to use: Ha mu sebe-lisa silepe seo, mu tokomele si buhali hahulu, take care when using that axe, for it is very sharp. rec. -sebe-zana (sebezani) fig. to beat each other; -sebelisana (sebelisani) to help each other ref. -isebeleza (ise-belelize) to work for oneself: Mutu ya isebeleza, ki yena ya ta kona ku ipilisa; a person who knows how to work without the help of others will be able to support himself.

sebelezo (li-) n. service; divine ser-vice. (from-sebeza).

sebelisano, n. mutual help, co-oper-ation (from -sebeza).

-sefal (sefile) i.t. Eng. to sift. der. musefi, sefa, musefo, musefeio. syn. -seseta. fig. to investigate, to detect. rel. -sefela (sefezi) to sift for someone; fig. to investigate on someone's behalf. caus. -sefisa (se-fisize) to help to ~. stat. -sefeha (sefehile) that which can be easily sifted rec. -sefana (sefunl or sefa-nile) fig. to have an eye on each other. inv. -sefulul‹ (sefuluzl) to sift for the second time: Mu sefulule bupi, bo, ha bu sika neka hande; sift this ’lour again, for it is not fine enough. red. -sefa-sefa (sefa-sef–e) to sift a small quantity of meal. ref. -isefela (isefezi) to sift for onesŹlf.

sefa2 (li-) n. Eng. sieve, sifter strainer; wire gauze. fig. investiga-tor. (from -sefa1)

sefa3, n. strichnine.

segeleti (1W) n. Eng. cigarette. cf. kwai.

-seha1 (sehOe) v.L dt v.t. to laugh, to laugh at; to jeer. der. Iiseho, muse-helo, cf. -sheuXuna. rel. -sehela (sehezi) to welcome with a laugh; to laugh at, to make fun of. caUs. -sehisa (sehisize) to make someone laugh, to amuse. red. -seha-seha (seha-sehile) to laugh for joy, to show happiness in laughing.

-seha2 (sehile) v.t. to cut with a knife. der. musehi, sisehiso, musehdo. cf. - puma. rel. -sehela (sehezi) to cut out for someone: Ni na mu ni sehele kwa nama, cut a small piece of meat for me also int. -sehulub (se-huluziL) to make the last cut to a kaross to bring it to size before hemming it. red. -sehaka (sehakile) (1) to cut into pieces; (2) to cir-cumcise .

-seheza (sehelize) v.t. to prop. to buttress.

seke! Inter;. expressing the dawn of the day: Lwa tona, mane bwa yo li seke! we have been on the watch the whole night until dawn!

-sekula (sekuzi) v.t. to shave the nape of the neck. der. museku.

sela1 (II-) n. small fish spear made of plain wire and used by children.

-sela2 (selile) v.t. to pour. der. kase-lenge. syn. -sulula. rel. -selela (selezi) to pour for someone. int. -selelela (selelezi) to pour out to the last drop. freq. sebeb (sebezi) to water, to irrigate.

sela2 (selile) v.t. to gather natural products (wild fruit, fish, etc.) der. museli, muselo, siselo, fig. exp. ku sela litaba, to gather news, to collect information. rel. -selda (selezi) to ~ for someone. caus.-seSsa (selisize) to help to ~: Kuhu i selisa bana ba yona the hen is searching for food for its chickens. ref. -iselela (iseleii) to ~ for one-self.

seieb (selezi) v.t. to r,ll up a hole, a grave, etc.

selws (sezwi) v.i. to be on the road when sunrise comŽs; to be late for work. (from ~).

sembelawanga, n. medicine bc-lieved to have power to prevent a person from being struck by lightning.

semi-kolonl, n. Eng. semi-colon. (;) syn. Felwani.

-sempula (sempuzi) Ą.t. to take a portion or a part of somahing (bfihobe, etc.); to lift up a load. der. Iimpuk, musempula. cf. Qiw h. -–ompola, -nanula. rel.`-senipukls (sempuizi) to take a portion in-tended for somebody else. int. -sempublela (sempulekzi) to take a whole portion intended for others.

senanga (senangik) v.i. to speak os-tentatiously, to speak with ambi-tious display. rel. ~senangda (sen sngezi) to ~ somewhere. css. -senangisa (senangisize) to cause to ~.

-senateka (senatekik) v.i. as-sen-Jnga.

semiabanji, n. Luyans. (mwaha wa senctabanji) floodless year. (from -enda).

sendaendi (bo-) n. Luyana. traveller, person coming home after a long absence. (from -enda).

sendel (li-) or bo-) n. cicada.

sende2, n. Eng. scent, perfume

sendi (li-) n. concubine, unomcial wife, favourite woman. sengabsci, adv. sideways.

senge (ma-) n. Eng. zinc, corrugated iron.

se–a, n. cooked bran.

seo (lieo) n. kind of fish. (see iku-shenge).

seps (sepik) v.t. (1) to trust, to be confident in, to rely on: Wena ha ni ku sepi bake–isa mfkwa ya hao bu-maswe I do not trust you because of yośr bad behaviour- (2) to hope: Ni sepa u ta be afltEle kamuso, I hope he will be here tomorrow; (3) to think: Nf sepa cwalo, I think so. hr. sepo, sepiso? b~epehi, sepaw, buisepo. cf. -lwlara. rel. -sepeli (sepezi) to trust for Ś reason: Ni mu sepezi ku lukakwa hae, I trust her for her righteousness. caus. -sepisa (sepisize) to promise. stst. -  sepeha (sepehib ) to be reliable . int.*stat. -sepahala (sepahalile) to be trustworthy. rec. -sepana (sepani or sepanile) to trust each other. ref. -isepa ( isepile) to be self-confident.

sepano, n. mutual confidence. (from -sepa).

sepiso (li-) n. promise. (from -sepa).

sepo, n. hope, trust, confidence; ku fela sepo, to be disheartened. (from -sepa).

-seseta (sesetile) v.t. to sift, to winnow. der. museseti. syn. -sefa. rel. -sesetela (sesetezi) to sift for someone. caus. -sesetisa (sesetisize) to help to sift.

seta1, adj. grey-blue, buff (male cattle. With reference to female cattle: Setana); pale yellow, (with reference to bilious eyes). fig. poor, miserable: Na yo mu seta cwana no ka lifumana kai lizwai? where can a poor soul like me find salt?

-seta2 (setile) v.t. to notch, to gash (to make a cut round a small piece of root in order to be able to fix it to a string and wear it as a medi-cine round the neck, etc.)

setee! interj. expressing (1) the colour of the rain falling in the middle distance. cf. pululu (2) the colour of the eyes of someone suf-fering from a liver complaint: Meto a hae a li setee? his eyes are yellow. (3) grey (of dust).

-setefala (setefalile) v.i. Iit. to become grey (this verb expresses the change appearing in the colour of the skin because of dust, sick-ness or old-age) caw. Zsetefaza (se-tefalize) to cause to ~.

-seteka (setekHe) v.t. to tempt. ds. muxteki. cf. -shemba. rel. -setekela (setekezi) to attract a person on behalf of someone.

setete, n. dim light before day- break, or sun after sunset.

seto (li-) n. the prickly seed of a creeper (bearing yellow flowers).

-setuka (setukHe) v.i. to turn the head and look backwards. syn. -temuna. -beb.

*seula (seuzi) v.i. to rain (the first rain of the season) der. maseulo.

shal ! interj. used as a polite re-sponse acknowledging a call or that one has understood or heard what is being said to one. (Abbrev. for shngwe).

-sha2 (shaile) v.i. to leave room: Ku shaile hande, malobalo a tei7i; there is room in the sleeping quarters. ref. -isha (isbaile) to leave room between oneself and others.

-sha3 (soaile) v.i. to be transparent, to be seen through: Nusekusha, lu tuha lu punya kwa libala; the forest is becoming clearer, so we shall soon be in the plain. `

shaa1 (sbaile) v.t. to praise: ku shaa mukanga, to praise in order to en-courage paddlers; ku shaa–ongo, to yawn, to gape, ku shaiwa ki batu, to be despised by people.

-shaa2 (shaik) v.i. to be coarse, rough (voice).

-shaba (shabile) v.t. to prune, to lop, to cut off branches. syn. -sheba, -kola. rel. -shabela (shabezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shŚbisa (sbabi-size) to help to ~. bt. -shabelela (shabelezi) to lop completely leav-ing a bare trunk.

-shb ela (shabsezi) v.t. Luyana. to cast divining bones, figurines, etc. der. _ baeli, syn. -laub.

shabele (shabezi) v.t. to cut meat into pieces.

-shaela (shaezl) v.i. to call loudly, to sing loudly, to bawl. syn. -huvva.

sshalia (shaklb) v.t. to start work, to start a journey; to start a quar- rel etc., der. mushaki. syn. -kala, -tateka.

-shakalala (shakalalile) v.i. to be importunate, untameable mostly of a child. der. cakala. cf. -katsza, -shupa.

-shaksela (shakaezi) v.i. to move about aimlessly (mostly of insane persons) der. sishakseli. syn. -ngu-lyana.

shakame (bo-) n. hare, rabit. syn. -sanasulwe, sanondo. fig. a clever person.

-shakasha (shakashize) v.t. to jingle rattles (as a dancer at the begin-ning of a dance) . der. sishakashwa.

shakatela (shakatezi) v.t. to carry too much with both hands. fig. to bear a great quantity of fruit.

-shakilikana (shakilikani or shakili-kanine) v.i. Eng. to be shaggy: Milili ya hae i shakilikani, he has shaggy hair.

-shakula (shakuzi) v.t. to pull a fishing net. caus. -shakulisa (sbaku-lisize) to help to ~.

-sbakumuka (shakamakile) v.i. to be sour, acid. syn. -wawata.

shaku-sbaku! interj. expressing the coming back to life after a swoon, fainting fit, coma, syncope, etc. Na shwile kono ha lu yo kumbuluka seili shaku-shaku! he was unconscious, but suddenly he came to.

shakutula (shakutuzi) v.t. to untie a bundle, a parcel, etc.,

-shalikanisa (shalikanisize) (~ meto) v.i. to look here and there restlessly, anxiously.

-shalima (shalimile) v.L & v.t. to look, to look at (see -talima).

-shaluka (shalukHe) v.i. to enjoy the satisfaction of having eaten succu-lent relish after having been long-ing for it for a long time. der. mu-kusbalu. caus. -shalulisa (shaluki-size) or -shalula (shaluzl) to make someone t.o ~. rel. -lshalula (isha-luzi) to make oneself to ~.

-shalyeka (shalyekile) v.t. to give parsimoniously (mostly food).

-shama1 (shamile) v.i. to become white-hot (iron, steel, etc.) caus. -shamisa (shamisize) to heat iron until it is white-hot.

-shama2 (shamile) v.t. to pass water, to urinate. syn. -luta . rel. -shamela (shamezi) to urinate in: caus. -sha-misa (shamisize) to help a child or a sick person to pass water.

-shamba (shambile) v.i. to dance round, facing a dancer. der. mu-shambisi, mashambaneno. rel. -shambeb (shambezi) to dance somewhere. caus. -shambisa (sham-bisize) to teach to dance. fig. to teach a person to follow one's bad habits, to lead someone into evil. rec. -shambana (shambani) to dance together. (two dancers facing each other) red. -shamba-shamba (shamba-sbambile) to dance in order to encourage a dancer. fig. to paddle in a queer, funny way in order to amuse people.

-shambana (shambanl or shamba-nile) v.i. to be Iying with a space between, to be separated: Miluko ya museme o. i shambani hahulu too much space has been left be tween the lines of this mat. der. mashamba. syn. -shambuka, caus. -shambanisa (shambanisize) to leave much space between things.

-shambuka (shambukile) v.i. as -shambana.

-shambweka (shambwekile) v.L to do tricks in order to attract atten-tion or to make people laugh. der. tushambwe.

-shamena (shamezi) v.t. to wait for, to expect a promised thing, to await an expected visitor.

 shamiliketa (shamiliketilte) v.t. to incite a person to fight or con-demn another. der. k~mRiketi. cf. -_ez~.

-shamulula (shamuluzi) v.t. to harp back to old things. der. Iislumulula or IbRan utula rel. -sbamululela (sh mululezi) to come to someone about old mattcrs with a definite intention.

-shamutula (sbamutuzi) v.t. as-shs-~his.

-shanauka (shanaukile) v.i. to be torn to pieces. cf. -p~uha.

 -shanauana (shanszi) v.t. to break into pieces: Ma shanaune mwanja o. ki hona u ka oma kapili; break that cassava into pieces so that it may dry quickly. rel. ~naunda or sbatu~ (shan unezi) lo ~ for someone. ca s. -shana_isa (~u_") to help to ~.

-shanda1 (sha dik) v.t. to spread food out (in order to dry it). rel. -sh ntEla (sbandezi) to ~ for some-one. freq. ~Çbuh (shanabuzi) to spoil food by spreading it out too far.

sbanda2 (sb ndile) v.i. to be agi-tated, to write in pain (like a dying person): Kacena ki sEyumbela. Iitapi li ka shanda maswe. today a big catch using poison, has been or-ganised, so the fish will wriggle! rel. ~aRdela (sbandezi) to ~ somewhere: I olofolo ,ve ne ni kunu-pile. nako ,ve i yo shandela kwahule; the animal I shot is now writhing in pain somewhere. c us. _"lisa (sh ndisize) to cause someone to ~.

~nth~ or jb ndamana (sb nda-manl) v.i. to be flat, (plate, wooden dish, etc.) der. sisbantb. freq. -shambmeka (shanthmekile) to hollow out roughly syn. _nda-m nisa.

-shsntlamanisa (sb ndamanisize) v.t. to hollow out roughly. syn. -shan-tima freq.

-shantlauka (shandaukile) v.i. to lie in disorder: Likubo za banana li shandaukile, the children's blan-kets are Iying in disorder. fig. to suffer from dispersion, disorgan-isation: Muezi wa bona kaĎnu u shandaukile, ha u sa na batu; their village is now falling in ruins, for no people live there any more. bt. -shandaukelela ( sbandaukelelezi ) fi4. to become completely dis-persed.

~ndaub (sbandauzi) v.t. to put in disorder, to make a mess of some-thing. der. ~nusbandoli, k sbandub. syn. -sbya. rel. -sbandaulela (sb n-d ulezi) to make a mess of some-one's goods.

~nga (sbangile) v.i. to dance before the ordinary dancer starts in order to attract people to the dance. der. musb ngi, kashanga-ngoma. rel. -sb ngeb (sbangezi) to start a dance on the oEcial danc-er's behalf.

-sisyama (sbangami) v.i. or sb ng-Ąm na (sb ng m ni) v.i. to lie or sit on top of something; to attack by surprise: Ha lu yo kumbuluka ngwe ki kale i mu shangama; before we realized, the leopard was on him. syn. -llmbama, cf. -pahama. fig. to overcome someone in a fight. freq. -shanpt ma (shungstami or sh ngtamik) to be Iying or sitting in di-sorder (things or people).

-shanganana (sb"~gpRani or sh nga-n nile) v.i. to become lively joyful (after a time of sadness or illness).

~nileka (shangekik) v.t. to put a thing on top of another to pile cf. -linbeka. rel. -shangekŽh (sh nge-kÇi) to ~ for someone. c us. -^ gekba (sh ngekbize) to help to ~. int. -shangekelela (shangeke-lezi) to pile up all collected things. freq. §hangateka (shangatekile) to put things on top of others (one after another) int. -shangutula (shangutuzi) to take out things from a pile.

-shangela (shangezi) v.t. (1) to add a piece to something in order to make it longer: Ku shangela mbala a wolupuleri. to lengthen wall plate planks; (2) to fix very firmly a handle to a spear or a fishing spear. der. mushangeli. fig. to exag-gerate matters. rei. -shangeleb (shangelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shan4elisa (shangelisize) to help to ~. int. -shangelela (shange-lezi) fig. to present matters with much exaggerations U sike wa shangelela wahenu litaba za sika eza, do not add to your accusa-tion. things which your friend has not done.

zshanguka (shangukile) v.i. to be ac-customed to do a thing in secret; to be accustomed to wander about in search of something: Mwanana yo sa shangŤkile maswe, this child is terribly independent. der. muku-sh ngu.

~ngula (shnguzi) v.t. to mock, to deride, to bring into ridicule: Wena wa ni shangula, u to ni kupa mali; mbali wena ya beleka! you are pull-ing my leg, in asking money from me, whilst you are the one who is working rel. -shanguleh (shangu-kzi) to mock with a definite inten-tion: U ni shangulelani cwalo? why are you mocking me like this?

-shangub2 (shanguzi) v.t. to lead astray. rel. -shangulela (shangulezi) to offend someone by leading an-other astray: Ki yena ya ni shangu-lezi mwana ka, he is the one who led my child astray ref. -bhangula (ishanguzi) to become a vagabond.

-shangumuka (shangumukile) v.i. (1) to become excited, (set in motion): Malao a shangumukile maswe, the hornets are terribly excited. (2) to recur (pain, illness). rel. ehangu-mukela (shangumukezi) to come back again: Butuku bwa hae bu mu shangumukezi mwa nzila, his illness struck him again on the way. caus. -shangumuna (shangumuzi) to excite; to provoke the recurrence of a pain or of an illness. (see -shangumuna). int. -shngumukeida (shangumukeEzi) to return for good (illness).

-shangumuna (shanguzi) v.t. (1) to excite, to infuriate: U sike wa shangumuna limuka. take care not to excite the bees. (2) to provoke the recurrence of illness: Butuku mwa hae bu shangumuzwi ki mabote, the recurrence of his ill-ness was provoked by his over-ti-redness. syn. -zuha. rel. -shangumu-nela (shangumunezi) to excite in-tentionally.

-shangutuh (shangutuzi) v.t. to lay out things which were heaped up. rel. -shangutubla (shangutuizi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shangutulba (shanutulisize) to help to ~.

shangvwe ! interj. Luysna. expressing politeness and following a saluta-tion or a call: lWu lumele shangwe, good morning, sir; Eni, shangwe {Eni shaJ yrs sir; also used to em-phasize approval, acknowledge-ment, etc. (see -sha).

-shanjala

-shanjab1 (shanjalik) v.t. to cut meat into small pieces with an axe. rel. -shn~kb (shanjakzi) to ~ for someone. freq. -shan~itah (sh nJa-talik) to cut meat into very small pleces.

-shanjala2 (shanjalik) v.i. to sear or  declare on oath (calling God to witness). syn. -konka, -tapanya. rel. -shanjaiela (shanjalezi) to charge a person on oath through someone. freq. -shanjatala (shanjatalile) to sear very seriously, to make a very strong oath.

ehanona (shanozi) v.t. to tear into pieces (paper, cassava roots before drying etc.) syn. -pazula. rel. -shanoneb (shanonezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shanonisa (shano-nisize) to help to ~. int. -shanone-kla (shanonelezi) to ~ completely. ref. -;shanonena (ishanonezi) to ~ for oneself.

-shanyauka (shanysukile) v.i. (1) to get spoiled, worn out (paddles in rapids, hoes after a long service, etc) (2) to fall into crumbs (manioc, etc.) caus. -shanysukisa (shanyaukisize) to cause to ~. int. -shanysukelela (shanysukelelezi) to get completely spoiled.

-shanysuna (shanysuzi) v.t. to break into pieces (cassava roots); to wear out. syn. -shanauna. rel. -sha-nysunela (shanysunezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shanysunisa (sha-nysunisize) to help, to cause to ~: Macwe a shanyauzi mabe a lilabo za luna, the rocks have worn the blades of our paddles.

-shanana (sha–ani or shananine) v.i. to contort one's face with anger to show in the face one's sickness. cf. -sosobana. caus. -sha–anisa (sha-–anisize) to cause someone's face to change (sickness, anger, dis-gust, etc.)

-shapa (shapile) v.t. to beat, to lash, to flog, to thrash. der. mushapi, si-shapiso. cf. -nata. rel. -shapela (sha-pezi) to scourge for a reason: IVi mu shapezi ku sa utwa kwa hae, I beat him for his disobedience. caw. -shapisa (shapisize) to cause or to help to ~. int. -shapelela (sha-peiezi) to beat a whole group (chil-dren) rec. -shapana (shapani or sha: panik) to beat each other, to fight. freq. a) -shapanga to have the habit of beating; b) -shapaka (shapakile) to thrash repeatedly and severely

-shapuka (shapukile) v.i. to show in-telligence, brains, wisdom in words or in deeds. cf. -talifa. rel. -shapukela (shapukezi) to owe intel-ligence to: Kanana ka, ka shapukezi mwa mba, that child inherited brains.

-shasha (shashik) v.i. to turn sour, to become rancid. caus. -shashisa (shashisize) to cause to ~.

-sh shama (shashmi or shashamile) v.i. to be infused (medicines). cf. -ombama.

-shashamana (shashamani or shasha-manine) v.i. to stand in order to see or admire something. der. I;shasha-mana. syn. -cimana. rel. -shashama-nela (shashamanezi) to go to ~. caus. -shashamanisa (shashamani-size) to cause to ~.

~shangela (shashangezi) v.i. to walk slowly without strength or in grief syn. -onjaela, -ndombysela. rel. -shouhangelela (shashangelezi) to walk slowly towards. caus. -sha-shangelisa (shashangelisize) to cause someone to drag himself along; rel. -shashangeliseza (sha-shangeliselize) to accompany somewhere a person too weak to walk alone. ref. -isishangdisa (isilashangelisize) to drag oneself along.

-shasheka (shashekiie) v.t. to soak, to immerse (medicinal roots). cf. -mbvenv eka, -ombeka. rel. -sha-shekela (shashekezi) to ~ for someone. ref. -ishashekela (ishashe-kezi) to ~ for oneself.

~shela (shashezi) or shashelela (shashelezi) v.t. to consult the di-vining bones. syn. -laub, -shebu-luka.

-shashulula (shashuluzi) v.t. (1) to speak openly and without fear, to explain things fearlessly. (2) to beat (make resound) (referring to the second drum of a group of three). der. mushashululi. rel. -sh-shululela (shashululezi) to make re-velations to. caus. -shashululua (shashululisize) to incite someone to speak openly.

-shashumuka (shashumukik) v.i. to get warm: Ku se ku shashumukile cwale. it is already warm now. syn. -tutumuka

-shata (shatik) v.i. to jump from branch to branch (monkeys, squir-rels, etc.)

-shatana (shatani) v.i. to move about from seat to seat (in a ga-thering) syn. -shatuka fig. to speak illogically, jumping from one idea to another. caus. -shatanisa (shata-nisize) to cause to ~.

-shatoka (shatokile) v.i. to jump from one stone or log, etc. to an-other. syn. -tana. fig. to suffer from instability, fickleness; to speak il-logically. caus. -shatokisa (shatoki-size) to cause to ~.

-shatuka (shatukile) v.i. as-shatana.

-shatuka2 (shatukik) v.i. to walk a short distance. der. kashatu.

-shatula (shatuzi) v.t. to change a thing from one place to another. fig. (1) to go back to marital life after a time of continence, due to the birth of a child: Ku maswe ku shatula mwana a sa li yo munyi-nyani, it is unwise to go back to a marital life when a child still needs the whole care of his mother (before he is weaned) (2) to take someone across a river: Ni ftile kale fa likamba. kono ne ni tokwile mutu wa ku ni shatula; I arrived a long time ago on the shore, but I found nobody to take me across the river. ref. -ishatula (ishatuui) to move from one side to another (paddlers); to change a load from one shoulder to the other.

-shuta (shautile) v.t. Eng. to be dis-respectful to someone, to revile, to dishonour. syn. -tompolola.

-sheal (sheile) v.t. to push away from the shore: ku shea mukolo fa li-kamba, to push a canoe into the deep. cf. -kasha, -sundb.

-shea2 (sheile) v.t. to pray to royal ancestors at a royal tomb. der. mushei. cf. -pailela.

-shebal (shebile) v.i. to be poor, indi-gent. syn. -botana. caus. -shebisa (shebisize) to cause poverty, misery.

-sheba2 (shebile) v.t. (1) to prune, to lop, to cut off branches. syn. -shaba. cf. -kob Á (1) to weed a manioc garden. rel. -shebela (she-bezi) to ~ for someone. cauu. -she-bisa (shebuize) to help to ~.

-sheba3 (shebile) v.t. to cut pieces of bark from a tree in order to make medicines. (see maembe or mayembe). rel. -shebela (shebezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shebisa (she-bisize) to help to ~.

-shebuka (shebukile) v.i. to have a small bottom (anat.)

-shebuluka (shebulukile) v.t. Luyaha. to cast divining bones. der. mushebuluki. syn. -laula, cf. -shasheb. rel. -shebulukela. (shebu-lukezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shebulukisa (shebulukisize) to cause to ~ ! Se si tilo ni shebulukisa cwana ki mwanaka ya kula, it is my child's sickness that made me come and ask for a divining con-sultation. ref. -;shebuluka (ishebulu-  kile) to look for a diviner for one-self.

-sheka (shekile) v.i. Luyana. to laugh, syn. -seha.

-shekala (shekalile) v.i. to lie at the bottom of water: Ni bona mukolo o shekalilefa lilaho la nuka. I see a canoe Iying at the bottom of the river. fig. to shed many tears

-shekela (shekezi) v.i. to sink to the bottom (like dirt in water); to be decanted, to become pure

-shekesha (shekffhile) v.i. to be loose (tools, leg of a table, etc.) caus. -shekeshisa (shekeshisize) or-sheketisa (sheketisize) to loosen something: Mu shekeshise sitoli, ki hona si ka mi bela bunolo, loosen the cattle pole, then it will come out easily

-shela (shelile) v.i. to pass through or under an obstacle cf. -fita. flg. to escape. fig. exp.: ku shela mwa lito la ndonga: to escape trouble, difficulties, to be lucky (lit. to pass through the eye of a needle) caus. -shelisa (shelisize) to make someone pass through an obstacle.

-shelana (shelani or shelanile) v.i. to miss each other taking different paths. fig. exp. ku shelana ka manzwi, to be unable to under-stand each other when talking. syn. -bushana.

-shelauka (shelaukile) or -sheloka (shelokile) v.i. (water) to be agi-tated, to spring; to boil, cf. -we-lauka.

shele–i or shili–i (ma-) n. Eng. shil-ling.

sheli (bo-) n. French. beloved. syn. mulatiwa, dali.

-sheluka (shelukile) v.i. (water) to come up (through the ground etc.) to run over fig. to be brought up again: Litaba za hae li shelukile hape, his case is coming up again syn. -weluka. freq. -shelauka (she-laukike) (see -shelauka).

-shelukela (shelukezi) v.i. to slope gently: Ha ku na munanga hande ku shelukezi, there is no steep bank but just as gentle slope.

-shelula1 (sheluzi) v.t. to cause trouble (by words or deeds) der. mulishelula. rel. -shelulela (shelu-lezi) to get someone into trouble by thoughtless behaviour. ref. -ishelulela (ishelulezi) to get oneself inadvertently into trouble.

-shelula2 (sbeluzi) v.l. & v.t. to belch: Ku shelula inge mwanana ku maswe, it is impolite to belch like a child Mwanana u sheluzi mabisi, u anyize hahulu, the baby sucked a lot, and so spluttered out some milk.

-shelumuka (shelumukile) v.i. to slip down, to slide down, to glide down cf. -telela. rel. -shelumukela (shelumukezi) to ~ to

-sbem l (shemile) v.t. to bite off (food); to peel off bark syn. -ketula cf. -komona.

shema2 (shemine) v.i. Luyana. to give binh der. mushemi, lishemew. syn. -pepa, -leya. cf. -zwala.

-shemaeta (shemaetile or shemae-tite) v.t. to provoke, to excite. der. mushemaeti. syn. -shembata, cf. -su-sueza.

-shemba (shembile) v.t. to betray, to have bad designs against; to lead into temptation or trouble. der. mushembi, sishembiso, cf. -beteka, -oka. rel. -shembela (shembezi) to lead someone into temptation or trouble at the request of, another caus. -shembisa (shembisize) to per-suade someone to betray or to tempt rec. -shembana (shembani or shembanile) to mutually induce into temptation freq. -shembanga to be inclined to lead into tempta-tion. red. -shemba-shemba (shemba- shembile) to comfort, to console; to soothe an offended person, to flatter, to adulate. ref. -ishemba (ishembile) as rec. syn. -shika-shika.

-shembata (shembatile) v.t. to pro-voke, to excite someone to fight syn. -shemaeta.

-shemuba (shemubile) v.t. Luyana. to have compassion, to have mercy on, to have pity on; to do a favour to. der. mushemubi, si-shemw, rel. -shemubela (shemubezi) to have compassion for some reason: U mu shemubezi–i kanti ki mutu ya maswe? why did you show him compassion when he is a bad man?

-shemuna (shemuzi) v.t. to forge anew and sharpen a worn tool (axeb hoe, etc.) der. mushemuni. rel. -shemunela (shemunezi) or-shemu-nena (shemunezi) to ~ for some-one caus. -shemunisa(shemunisize) to help to ~.  int. -shemunekb (she-munelelezi) to ~ all the tools needing to be repaired. ref. -ishe-munela (ishemunezi) or -ishemu-nena (ishemunezi) to ~ for oneslef.

-shemutula (shemahzi) v.t. Luyana. (humans or animals) to give birth to many offspring. rel. -shemutulela (shemutulezi) to give birth to many children in a certain place: Bana ba hae u il'o ba shemutulela mwa njanji; she had all her numerous children when she was on the line of rail

-shenda1 (shendile) v.t. not to think much of, to upbraid, to despise, to disapprove (of), to blame; to mock der. mushendi, Ihhendo. rel. -shendela (shendezi) to ~ for some reason: Ba mu shendezi i–i? why have they disapproved of him? caus. -shendisa (shendisize) to cause to ~. stat. -shendeha (shen- dehile) to be blameworthy int. -stat. -shendahala (shendahqlile) to be disapprove of each other. freq. -shendanga or -shendaula (shen-dauzi) to be inclined to ~. ref. -ishenda (ishendile) as rec.

-shenda2 (shendile) v.t. to dismiss, to discharge, to sack. der. mushendi, lishendo, cf. -tulula, -zwisa. rel.-shendela (shendezi) to ~ for a reason: Ba mu shendezi buzwa bwa hae, they discharged him because of his laziness caus. -shetidha (shendisize) to cause to ~.

-shendama (shendami or shendamil ) v.i. to lean; to lie on the side, to lean on the elbow; to fall asleep der. imushendami. cf. -engula. fig. to slander (lit.) to continually have someone's name on one's lips. syn. -engama. caus. -shendamisa (shen-damisize) or-shendeka (shendekile) to lay someone down: A ku yo shen-deka munyan-a hao bona s-a ozela look, your little b;other is falling asleep, go and lay him down. red. -shenda-shenda (shenda-shendile) to want to lie down.

-shendeka (shendekile) v.t. to start to cut a new forest garden. der. mushendiki. syn. -heba. rel. -shende-kela (shendekezi) to ~ for some-one. caus. -shendekha (shendeki-size) to help to ~ ref. -ishendekela (ishendekezi) to ~ by oneself: Unomwaha ni ka ishendekela kate-manyana, I am going to start a small forest garden for myself this year

-shendekela (shendekezi) v.t. to speak ironically to someone. der. mashendekela.

-shenduka (shendukile) v.i. to leave the shore: MuSwke hahulu mukolo o. u sike wa shenduka: pull strongly the canoe right up unto the shore to prevent it from being taken by

   the current. rel. -shendukela (shen-dukezi) to ~ in a certain direction. Mukolo u shendukezi mwa ngala, the canoe was taken to the deep. caus. -shendukisa (shendukisize) to cause to ~.

-shendula1 (shenduzi) v.t. to push away from the shore; rel. -shendu-lela (shendulezi) to push canoe somewhere from the shore. caus. -shendulisa (shendulisize) to help people to leave the shore.

-shendula2 (shenduzi) v.t. to begin to beat the Litunga's Muenduko drum.

-shenga1 (shengile) v.i. & v.t. to be sharp, to be pointed; to sharpen, to point. der. mushengi' sishengiso, mushengelo. cf. -loza. rel. -shengela (shengezi) to sharpen for some-onel caus. -shengisa (shengisize) to help to sharpen: A mu to ni sheng-isa kwa litupa, please come and help me to point some sticks. fig. to frighten: Mu zamaye hande mu ka shengisa mazwii ani; walk care-fully, otherwise you will frighten those lechwe over there. int. -shengelela (shengelezi) fig. to di-sappear being a prey to fear.

-shenga2 (shengile) v.i. to be aware of danger, to foresee trouble. Lifolo-folo se li shengile ha li sa bonwa mazazi a; the animals fled away, for we do not see them any more nowadays. syn. -shungula. fig. caus. -shengisa (shengisize) to reveal, to make aware of a danger: Mu mu shembe hande mu ka mu shengisa; deal gently with him otherwise he will notice your intention about him. int. -shengelela (shengelezi) to fear and go for good.

-shenga3 (shengile) v.t. to husk (maize, millet, etc.) by pounding. der. mushengi, sishenga. cf. -cokola. rel. -shengela (shengezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shengisa (shengi-  size) to help to ~. int. -shengelela (shengelezi) to ~ completely. rec. -shengisana (shengisani or shengisa-nile) to help each other by husking grain in turn. ref. -lshengela (ishengezi) to husk grain for one-self.

-shengula (shenguzi) v.t. (1) to mock, to scoff, to jeer, to deride. (2) to have sexual intercourse. der. mushenguli, mushengu. syn. -soma. rel. -shengulela (shengulezi) to offend someone by committing adultery with his wife, to have sexual intercourse somewhere caus. -shengulisa (shengulisize) to arrange for someone to commit adultery with another's wife. rec. -shengulana (shengulani or shengula-nile) to scoff each other; to have sexual intercourse. ref. -lshengula (ishenguzi) as rec.

-shengunu ka ( shengunukile ) v. i. to melt, to melt away, to liquefy. syn. -hakuluha. rel. -shengunukela (shengunukezi) to - somewhere: Mafula a shengunukezi fafasi, grease melted into the soil. caus. -shengunukisa (shengunukisize) or shengunusa (shengunusize) to cause to ~.

-shengwaeta (shengwaetile or sheng-waetite) v.i. & v.t. to find or give excuses in order to avoid work; caus. -shengwaetisa (shengwaeti-size) to incite someone to ~. syn. -zwafisa.

-shenja (shenjile) v.t. to pursue a wild animal while hunting, to chase; to send away: Cwale u ka kena mwa butata kakuli ba mu shen-jilefa musebezi, he will now find it difficult to live, for they have dis-missed him from his work. der. mu-shenji, lishenja. syn. -putuma, -tong-ama, -manama, -landameka. caus.-

 

shenjisa (shenjisize) to help to chase

-shenuna (shenuzi) v.i. to grimace; to snarl, to show the teeth (as a dog) fig. (1) to be reluctant: Ku ba fa musebezi, bona ba shenonafela, although we offer them work they just grimace. (2) to wait long: Lu li ka yo shenuna, kifo lu il'o zwa lu sa fumani.se siinwi; we came back with an emptv bag, although we have been waiting for very long. rel. -shenunela (shenunezi) to show the teeth at caus. -shenunisa (shenuni-size) to make a dog snarl.

-shenya1 (shenyize) v.i. Luyana. to move on when squatting, to crawl when sitting. der. sishenyangi, si-shenyi, mushenyango. cf. -hoboba. rel. -shenyela (shenyezi) or -she-nyeza (shenyelize) to move some-where when squatting: Shenyeza kwahule, u ta ca mulilo; move from the fire otherwise you will be burnt. caus. -shenyisa (shenyisize) to help someone sitting to move about: to push heavy things Iying on the ground: Mu shenyise mung-omo wo wa petulu, move away this drum of petrol. int. -shenyelela (shenyelezi) fig. exp. ku shenyelela lico, to sit down for a long time ex-pecting to be given food red. -shenya-shenya (shenya-shenyize) to move with difficulty: S'a skenya-shenya fela, ha sa kona ku zamaya, he cannot walk anymore, he can just move about. ref. -lshenyisa (ishenyisize) to move by one's own means.

-shenya2 (shenyize) v.t. to curse, to wish evil upon, to utter impreca-tions. syn. -kuta, -ndandala. caus. -shenyisa (shenyisize) to subject someone to a curse, to cause mis-fortune to someone. ref. -lshenyisa (ishenyisize) to make oneself liable  to be cursed.

-sheshela (shehezi) v.i. to walk with short and swift steps. syn. -shina-shina, -tota. caus. -sheshelisa (she-shelisize) to cause to ~.

-sheshemba (sheshembile) v.t. to challenge persistently. fig. to start in a small way growing larger and larger (wild fire).

-sheshuluka (sheshulukile) v.i. to be recurrent, to come back periodi-cally (as in abscess). syn. -fufuluka.

-sheta1 (shetile) v.i. to sink, to settle, to subside (mealie meal in a bag, etc.)

-sheta2 (shetile) v.t. to lift up a child in his tali to make him comfort-able.

-sheta3 (shetile) v.t. & v.t. to be harassed, oppressed, tormented by want need or poverty. syn. -nyanda; to trouble, to harass, to worry. syn, -shupa~ -kataza. caus. -shetisa (shetisize) to cause some-one's torment. ref. -lshetisa (isheti-size) to cause one's own torment.

-shetula (shetuzi) v.t. to divine (using the divining basket). cf. laula. -shebuluka.

-shetumuka (shetumukile) v.t. to go down hill, to descend. der. njetu-muko, cf. -ngenyuka. rel. -shetumu-kela (shetumukisa (shetumukisize) or -shetumuna (shetumuzi) to help someone down hill; to take some-thing down hill; to accompany: Ki busihu mu shetumune mwana habo mina, u ka saba; it is late, take your friend back home otherwise he will be frightened. int. -shetumuke-lela (shetumukelelezi) to go down for good.

-sheula (sheuzi) v.t. to weed. der. musheuli, musheulisi, musheu. cf.-tahula. fig. to hurt severely with a hoe. rel. -sheulela (sheulezi) to weed for someone. caus. -sheulisa  (sheulisize) to order or to help to weed. int. -sheulelela (sheulelezi) to make a whole area clean by weed-ing.

-sheununa (sheunuzi) v.t. to laugh at someone's words or manners even when there is no reason for it. cf. -seha. caus. -sheununisa (sheununi-size) to cause to ~.

shewa! shewa! interj. expressing the gait of a corpulent person.

-shewanga (shewangile) v.i. to walk clumsily (like a corpulent person).

shi! interj. expressing surprise, sad-ness, etc. Shi! na kwa bumai, ni li ka ya kafa ha nifumani musebezi! gosh ! l really do have bad luck, for I do not find work wherever I go.

-shiama (shiami or shiamile) v.i. to live a blameless life: Mwanaka pilu ya hae i shiami hande; my child really has a blameless life. caus.-shiamisa (shiamisize) (1) to control one's temper; to help someone to control himself. (2) to have a new Paramount Chief seated on the lioma (on the occassion of his enthronement).

-shieka (shiekile) v.t. to control one's temper, to master one's way of speaking: U no shieka linzwi fafasi ha u bulela, do lower your voice when you speak.

-shika-shika (shika-shikile) v.t. to comfort, to console to soothe an offended person. syn. -shemba-shemba.

-shikala (shikalile) or-shikama (shi-kami or shikamile) v.t. to carry a heavy load on the shouider.

-shikula (shikuzi) v.t. to greet a person by using the name of his clan: Mu lumele lnalitongo, mu zwa kai? good morning lnalitongo where are you coming from? der. mushiku.

-shilela (shilezi) v.i. to remain raw  though long on the fire (as vegeta-ble marrows); to stop growing due to excessive heat (plants); to grow slowly (underfed child). fig. to be completely insensible (due to a hard life der. sishekeleti. syn. -cinela.

-shimba (shimbile v.t. Luyana. to carry. mushimbi, mushimbo, sishim-belo, mushi- mbelo , nokushimba , ma-shimbanu. syn. -lwala. rel. -shimbela (shimbezi) to carry to; to carry for someone. caus. -shimbisa (shimbi-size) to order or to help to carry int. -shimbelela (shimbelezi) to carry the whole lot int. -shimbu-lula (shimbuluzi) to displace, to shift. ref. (1) -ishimba (ishimbile to be pregnant; (2) -ishimbela (ishim-bezi) to carrv for oneself

-shimbela (shimbezi) v.t. to make dykes to catch fish. der. mushim-bela mushimbeli. rel. -shimbelela (shimbelezi) to ~ as a favour to someone. caus. -shimbelisa (shimbe-lisize) to help to ~. ref. -ishimbe-lela (ishimbelezi) to ~ for oneself.

-shimbuluka (shimbulukile) v.i. to be displaced, to shift, to move. der. mushimbuluko. fig. to show an im-provement: Butuku bwa hae ha bu shimbuluki, his iliness is showing no Improvement. cf. -tuta. rel. -shimbulukela (shimbulukezi) to move somewhere: Lifolofolo se li shimbulukezi ko ku na ni mezi, the animals have already moved to where there is water. caus. -shim-bulukisa (shimbulukisize) to cause to ~. int. -shimbulukelela (shimbu-lukelelezi) to be moved for good

-shimbulula (shimbuluzi) v.t. to move, to displace, to shift, to transfer from one place to an-other; to promote; to remove something from one container to another. der. mushimbululi, sishim-  bululelo. rel. -shimbululela (shimbu-lulezi) to ~ somewhere or for someone caus. -shimbululisa(shim-bululisize) to cause~ to help, to ordcr to ~. int. -shimbululelela (shimbululelezi) to ~ everything completely. ref. -lshimbulula (ishim-buluzi ) fig. to leave, to depart to go aWay .Va na ishimbulula. ha ni lati matuma ' I am leaving for I do not likc wounds.

-shimeha (shimehile) v.t. see -simeha.

-shimiketa (soimiketile or shimike-tite) v.t. to explain sad events at length and in an excited manner. der. mushimiketi. rel. -shimiketela (shimiketezi) to ~ to someone. caus. -shimiketisa (shimiketisize) to cause to ~.

-shimuka (shimukile) v.i. to com-plain about insoluble difficulties, to express regret about things which cannot be changed. rel. -shi-mukela (shimukezi) to whisper to, to tell a secret to. syn. -seba. freq. -shimauka (shimaukile) or-shimoka (shimokile) to ~ all the time caus. -shimaukisa (shimaukisize) to cause to ~ all the time. - -.. -..

-shina-shina (shina-shinile) v.i. to walk with short and swift steps (as persons carrying a heavy load). syn. -tota, -sheshela. caus. -shina-shinisa (shina-shinize) to cause to

-shinda1 (shindile) v.t. to beat, to strike syn. -nata, etc

-shinda2 (shindile) v.i. to dance der. sishinda. syn. -bina.

-shineka (shinekile) v.t. to put on someone's shouiders a load too heavy for him. ref. -ishineka (ishi-nekile) to lift up and put a heavy load on one's shouiders.

-shina (shinile) v.t. to bring misfor-tune or cause an accident by a  spell cast over someone from a distance. der. mushino, syn. -bima, cf. -posa.

-shishimana (shishimani) v.i. to stop in surprise or fear.

-shita (shitile) or-shiteka (shitekile) v.t. (1) to hide very carefully: Mutu ha bonwi, ha lu zibi kapa ba mu shi-tekile mwa litindi, we don't sce the man any more, and we suspect that they hid him under a litindi. (2) to throttle rel. -shitela (shitezi) or -shitekela (shitekezi) to hide for someone. caus. -shitekisa (shiteki-size) to help to hide rec. -shitana (shitani or shitanile) to fight (two people) ref. -lshita (ishitile) as rec. -ishiteka (ishitekile) fig. to disap-pear for a time U n'o ishitekile kai mazazi a? U no sa bonwi where do you hide yourself these days? you were not seen around

-shitama (shitami or shitamile) v.i. to be covered by something: Tipa ya ka mwendi i shitami mwa musha-bati, mazazi a ha i bonwi; I don't see my knife these days, perhaps it got lost in the sand. fig. to beg per-sistently. rel. -shitamela (shitamezi) fig. to wait a long time for help

-shitanguta (shitangutite or shitang-utile) v.i. to quote proverbs, old sayings, praises. der. lishitanguti. svn. -loka. cf. -tanguta. rel. -shi-tangutela (shitangutezi) to recite proverbs, old sayings or praises to someone.

-shiteka (shitekile) v.t. sce shita.

-shituka (shitukile) v.i. to rise very early. syn. -pakela, -meneka. cf. -pumbuka. fig. to come out of the ground: Tipa ve ne shitami ishitukile mwa mubu, the knife which was lost in the ground turned up again rel. -shitukela (shitukezi) to rise early with the intention of going somewhere caus. -shitukisa (shitu-  kisize) to awaken early. freq. -shi-tukanga to be inclined to rise early in the morning. ref. -ishitukisa (ishitukisize) to get up early: Mwa-naka, kini ha u ishitukisize cwana wa bona ku bata hahulu kacenu; why did you get up so early my child you see it is very cold today?

shitula1 (shituzi) v.t. to attire a dancer with a dancing dress (see siye).

shitula2 (shituzi) v.t. to take out of the ground to dig up, to unearth. der, mushituli, syn. -pumbula. fig. (1) to discover secrets; (2) to run fast. rel. -shitulela (shitulezi) fig. to run quickly somewhere. caus. -shi-tulisa (shitulisize) fig. to frighten to cause a sudden fright: Kanti u na ni boi, ni mu shitulisize ka ku mu bembafela; he is just a coward, for I made him run away by frighten-ing him.

shiuka (shiukile) v.i. to be pouring (as very heavy rain). der. lishiushiu. rel. -shiukela (shiukezi) to fall upon suddenly and with strength (lightn-ing, illness, etc.) fig. to seize very strongly. int. -shiukelela (shiuke-lezi) to do considerable damage (lightning).

-shobana (shobani or shobanile) v.i. to mix; to mingle (people). caus. -shobanisa (shobanisize) to cause to mix.

shobola1 (shobozi) v.t. to insult: to curse syn. -lwaha, -tapula. freq. -shobaula (shobauzi) to insult badls and repeatedly.

-shobola2 (sholozi) v.t. to crush. to pound leaves.

-shobota (shobotile) v.t. to whisper. der. mushoboti, mishoboto. rel. -shobotela (shobotezi) to whisper to someone. calis. shobotisua (shoboti-size) to cause someone to whisper. red. -shobota-shobota (shobota-sho-  botile) to whisper every now and then. rec. -shobotelana (shobote-lani) to whisper secrets to each other. ref. -ishobotela (ishobotezi) as rec.

-shoela (shoezi) or -showela (sho-wezi) v.i. to sing in a chorus (dance) see -tabeleza. der. musho-weli. caus. -shoelisa (shoelisize) to make people join in a chorus

-shoelela (shoelezi) or -showelela (showelezi) v.i. & v.t. to give the royal salutation; to give the royal salutation as a token of gratitude for a favour granted by the Li-tunga. der. mushoweleli. mushowe-lelisi, sishoweleliso, mushowelelelo. caus. -showelelisa (showelelisize) to accompany someone giving the royal salutation.

-shoka (shokile) v.i. to observe, to scout, to spy. der, mushoki. cf. -twela, -nangela. rel. -shokela (sho-kezi) to ~ on behalf of someone. caus. -shokisa (shokisize) to join in scouting, spying.

-shokamena (shokamezi) v.t. to lie in wait, to lurk, to ambush. der. mushokameni. cf. -lalela.

-shokoka (shokokile) v.i. to come off (as an axe or a hoe from its handie). syn. -kuleha. rel. -shoke-kela (shokokezi) (1) to endanger someone by coming off (axe, etc ) Banana a mu sabe kwa capu. i ka n1i shokokela, children get away from the wood-cutter for the axe might come off and harm you. (2) to become wedged: A mu to ni kume/-lela silepe se, si shokokezi mwa kota; come and help me to pull out this axe which has got wedged in the wood. caus. -shokokisa (shokoki-size) to cause to ~

-shokola (shokozi) v.t. to take out, to pull out, to extract (a tooth) der. mushokoli. syn. -kumula. rel. -  shokolela (shokolezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shokolisa (shokoli-size) to help to ~. int. -shokolelela (shokolelezi) to take out comple-tely freq. -shokaula (shokauzi) to take out one after anothern

-shokomisa (shokomisize) v.t. to eat huhobe with roasted meat or fish. syn. -tafunisa, -shomekisa, -lume-leza.

-shokomoka (shokomokile) v.i. to come out, to appear unexpectedly. der. lishokomoki. rel. -shokomokela (shokomokezi) to appear unexpec-tedly before someone: Sipulumuki sa lu shokomokela, a mad person suddenly appeared before us.

-shokomona (shokomozi) v.t. to bring out, to produce: Shokomona sikwama sa hao, ni bone kapa ha ku na mali; produce your purse so that I may see if there is really no money in it; to find a lost thing, to discover: U shokomozi kai tipaye.ye ne latehile? where did you find that knife which was lost?

-shokona (shokonine) v.t. to rub in the hands (grain, fruit) etc. cf. -polola.

-shokonena (shokonezi) v.i. to be happy on sceing the near fulfil-ment of a desire.

-shokota (shokotile) v.i. to make noise in treading on dry leaves or branches. syn. -sholokota.

-shokotola (shokotozi) v.t. as -sho-kola.

-sholoka (sholokile) v.i. to make a great noise (as a group of excited people! dogs, etc.); to make an uproar, a hurlyburly; to shout for joy. der. musholoko. rel. -sholokela (sholokezi) to make a great noise  in order to prevent someone from  speaking (reactionary meeting). caus. -sholokisa (sholokisize) to cause to ~. int. -sholokelela (sholo kelezi) (everybody) to shout.

-sholokota (sholokotile) v.i. to make noise in treading on dry leaves and branches (esp. walking in the forest). syn. -shokota.

-shombela (shombezi) v.t. to drink heavily. der. mushombeli. fig. to swallow; to wrestle. rec. -shombe-lana (shombelani) to wrestle, to fight (two people).

shombo (li-) n. manioc leaves cooked as a vegetable and used for busunso.

-shomboka (shombokile) v.i. to become startled, frightened, dis-mayed; to panic. cf. -saba. caus. -shombokisa (shombokisize) to cause to ~. int. -shombokelela (shombokelezi) to be greatly dis-mayed.

-shombota (shombotile or shombo-tite) v.t. to catch, to steal (birds of prcy): to pounce, to swoop. rel. -shombotela (shombotezi) to ~ for someone.

-shoma1 (soomile) v.i. Luyana. to beat drums for the lishoma dance.

-shoma2 (shomile) v.t. to hollow out a piece of wood (as when making a drum, a stamping block, a wooden vessel, etc.)

-shoma3 (shomile) v.t. Luyana. to start examining a case: Tabaya hae ki kale ba ishoma; they have al-ready started to examine his case.

-shomekisa (shomekisize) v.t. to eat buXobe with roasted meat or fish. syn. -shokomisa, -tafunisa, -lume-leza.

-shonda (shondile) v.t. to spear a fish after lying in wait and creeping up on it. der. mushondi, sishondiso.

-shondalela (shondalezi) v.t. to ad-vance, to walk stealthily (towards animals etc.) in order to take or to attack by surprise, to stalk syn. -nanalela.

 

-shondangela (shondangezi) v.i. to walk slowly without strength or dispiritedly syn,-ndombyaela.

-shonga (shongile) v.t. to bribe, to divert by advice, to lead astray to dissuade Ku maswe ka shonga musal'a mutu. it is a reproachable habit to lead someone's wife astray der. mushongi, sishongi. caus. -shongisa (shongisize) to cause someone to ~. rec. -shong-ana (shongani or shonganile) to come to a mutual agreement ref. -ishonga (ishongile) as rec.

-shongoloka (shongolokile) v.i. to come to light (speaking of secrets or hidden things)

shongolola (shongolozi) v.t. to harp back to old matters; to relate to people things unknown to them. der. mushongololi. syn. -shongotola. fig. to inquire: Ni ya kwa Mongu ku yo shongolola kapa limota li funduka lili, I am going to Mongu to in-quire about the date when the buses are leaving.

-shongotola ( shongotozi ) v.t . as shongolola.

shonjanga (shonjangile) or -shon-jangela (shonjangezi) v.i. to walk with difficulty due to weakness or sickness syn. -ndombyaela, -ngu-nyaela, rel. -shonjangelela (shon-jangelezi) to walk slowly towards caus. -shonjangelisa (shonjangeli-size) also -shonjangeliseza (shon-jangeliselize) to accompany some-one walking with difficulty. ref. -ishonjangeliseza (ishonjangeliselize) to drag oneself along somewhere.

-shonoka (shonokile) v.i. to be straight Ngo ya Rae i shonokile hande ahulu. his nose is gracefully shaped fig. (1) to pass swiftly: Mwa bona lukwena lwani, lo shonokela ka vo swala komu; look at that croco-dile rushing to catch a cow over  there (2) to be very hot (sun) Lizazi li shonokile ahoy, ha lo kon ka zamaya, the sun is`extremely hot, so we cannot leave now (3) to slink or slip away

-shoshela (shoshezi) v.i. to bring forth new leaves, to bloom again syn, -tuhela.

-shoshola (shoshozi) v.t. to roast small fish on the fire. rel. -shosho-lela(shosholezi)to~ forsomeone int. -shosholelela (shosholelezi) to ~ the whole lot.

shosholoka (shosholokile) v.i. to go away stealthily. syn. -omboloka. rel. -shosholokela (shosholokezi) to disappear somewhere furtivelv caus. -shosholokisa (shosholokisizŽ) to take something away furtively -nt. -shosholokelela (shosholokelezi ) to disappear furtively for good

-shoshota (shoshotile) v.i. (1) to wander up and down, to ramble about, to wander to and fro, to travel here and there: Mute yo u shoshotile mwa manaha a manata hahulu, this man has been travel-ling about in many countries; (2) to walk in dense woodland. der. mushoshoti. caus. -shoshotisa (sho-shotisize) to lead people travelling around: Mushitu wo u maswe. u sike wa shoshotisa banana mwateni, this forest is dangerous do not take children with you when you go into it.

-shotoka (shotokile) v.i. Luvana. to fear, to avoid danger or difficul-ties der. imushotoki.

-showela (showezi) v.t. sce -shoela.

-showelela (showelezi) v.i. see -shoe-lela.

-showilikana (showilikani or showili-kanile) v.t. to make a noise (as many people all reproving some-one). syn. -yowilikana.

-shua (shuile) v.t. (women) to fish  with baskets. der. mushuwi, sishu-wiso, syn. -kwenga. rel. -shuela shuezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -shuwisa (shuwisize) to cause to ~. Ki .sika mani sesi shuamisize manna muhulu yani fafasi? what made that old man suddenly sit down? freq. -shuatama (shuatami or shuatamile) to sit down frequently because of illness or fatigue: Ni katani ni yena a nz'a zamaya a shuatama nzila kau-fela: I met him on the way sitting down every now and then, over-come by fatigue.

-shua-shua1 (shua-shuile) v.i. to wander about to roam about col-lecting or spreading news syn. -shuhana. rel. -shua-shuela (shua-shuezi ) to wander about with a precise intention: Mazazi a mute yo u .vhua-vhuela kwa libato la hae, this man is habitually visiting the woman he is soon to marry. caus. -shua-shuisa (shua-shuisize) to cause to ~

-shua-shua2 (shua-shuile) v.i. to dance moving to and fro merrily to welcome the Litunga.

-shua-shua3 (shua-shuile) v.t. to paddle so as to amuse people.

-shubana (shubani or shubanile) v.i. to wander about. syn. -shua-shua. rel. . -shubanela ( shubanezi ) to purposely caus. -shubanisa (shuba-nisize) to cause to ~.

-shubuka (shubukile) v.i. sce -cupuka.

-shubula1Ľ (shubuzi) v.t. to slight, to dishonour der.lishubu.syn. -tompo-lola, -shwaula, -nyefula. caus. -shu-bulisa (shubulisize) to cause to revile freq. -shubaula (shubauzi) to despise to humble again and again rŹf. -ishubaula (ishubauzi) to slight each other.

-shubula2 (shubuzi) v.t. see -cupula.

shuka, n. Eng. sugar. syn. swikili.

 

-shukela (shukezi) or -shukelwa shukezwi) v.t. to long fort to desire ardently: Ni shukezi hahulu ka bona mwanaka, I very much desire to see my child: Bo ma ba shukezwi ka ni bona, my mother ar-dently desires to see me der. li-shuke. rec. -shukelana (shukelani) to long for each other.

-shukula (shukuzi) v.t. to comb; to dress the hair (of a girl coming from her initiation, or of a bride). cf. -kamuna.

-shukumuka (shu