Silozi-English dictionary
This dictionary is contained in five files:
A
A.
a, pronounced a as in fat.
a,
hort. part. : liseli a li be teni, let there be light. A lu yeni, let us go. a!
interj, of surprise or protest: ha!
a,
pron. subj. (class mu-ba) 3rd pers. sing: He, she, in negative, dependant,
narrative, subjunctive and potential tenses: H'a buleli, he does not speak. A
ka ya. he may go.
a,
(1) pron. subj. and obj. of nouns which have the plural in ma- (class bu-ma,
li-ma, lu-ma) they, them: Maoma a lila. the royal drums are sounding: ni a
utwile, I have heard them. (2) poss. part. with nouns of same classes: Mabizo a
bona, their names; masimu a ka, my gardens. (3) dem. pron. pl. (1st degree)
with nouns of same classes, these: Mandu a, these houses. (4) rel. pron. subj.
and obj. with nouns of same classes: Malu a mansu, black clouds; those which:
Mandu a ni bona (also, mandu e ni bona) the houses which I see.
a !
a ! interj. meaning disapproval or dissent: not so; syn. ha ku cwalo. -aba
(abile) v.t. to distribute, to allot, to divide into parts, to share, to
dispense: Ba abile nama. they distributed meat. der: muabi, kabelo, siabelo,
buabi. rel. -abela (abezi) to distribute, to make an offering to. caus. -abisa (abisize) to order
or to help to divide. int. -abe-lela (abelezi) to distribute the whole lot.
rec. -abelana (abelani) to share among themselves. ref. -lka-ba (ikabile) to
split up. (rel) -ikabe-la (ikabezi) to share out: Ba ikabezi
acha
! interj. of pain.
achu
! interj. of pain.
afi
? inter. adj. with nouns which have the plural in 'ma', what, what sort, which:
Mabaka ki afi? What are the reasons?
-akaleza
(akalelize) v.t. Sotho. to sum up, to abbreviate, to summarise; to speak not
very accurately, to estimate der. kakalezo.
akalikule
Luyana exp. a-ka-li-kule (used in river transport) (lit: the bottom is too far)
Let us cease poling, let us paddle, it is too deep to pole. cf. banji.
-akana
(akani or akanile) v.t. to rush for, to charge for: Bana ba akana lico, the
children are rushing for the food. caus. akanisa (akanisize) to cause to ~.
-akela
(akezi) v.t. (1) to lift up (a divining bone) (2) to catch an object which is
thrown: Nja ye ha i koni ku akela, this dog is not able to catch; Akela ye,
catch this! (syn. -akwela)
-akisa
(akisize) v.t. to show off: Musali yo u
lata hahulu ka akisa mwan'a hae, this woman likes to show off her child very
much. rel. -akiseza (akiselize) to
present for people's admiration.
ako...
keye, expression used when proposing and answering riddles. (lit: there it
comes . . . let it come!)
aku,
abber. for: a u ke u will you: A ku ni fe, please give me. The pl is: a mu ke
mu (same as nangu)
-akufa
(akufile) v.i. to hurry up, to make haste to be quick. cf. -cibilika, -feuka.
rel. -akufela (akufezi) to hasten to, to hasten for: Ni akufele, come to me
quickly caus. -akufisa (akufisize) to cause to be quick, to hasten; to urge
forward, to accelerate: Akufsa sico, hurry up with the food. rel. -akufiseza
(akufiselize) to cause to hasten to. freq. -akufanga to go on hastening: Ya
akufanga, one who is agile.
-akula
(akuzi) v.t. to inhale: Ku akula musi, to inhale smoke; ka akula butuku, to
catch a disease by breathing in the germs. rel. -aku-lela (akulezi) to breathe
on someone else: U sike wa ni akulela, do not breathe on me.
-akuleza
(akulezi) v.t. to stretch out the hands, to catch something thrown.
-akwela
(akwezi) v.t. to take off: Akwela tapi! Take the fish off the spear; to catch
an object in mid-air. syn. -akela.
-alaba
(alabile) v.t. to answer, to reply, to respond: Alaba puzo ya ka, answer my
question. der. kalabo, musabelo caus. -alabisa (alabisize) to cause to answer.
rec. -alabana (alabani or alabanile) (1) to answer each other. (2) to roll over
and over; to writhe in pain. syn.
-pitika. ref. -ikalabela (ikala-bezi) to
answer for oneself, to pre sent one's own defence.
alabanya
(alabanyize) to throw down someone in wrestling.
-alafa
(alafile) v.t. to doctor, to give medicine to, to nurse, to treat, to dress a
wound: Ku alafa mukuli, to treat a patient. der. -mualafi, kalafo, bualafi
mualafelo. rel. -alafela (alafezi) to nurse for: Ni alafele mwan'a ka, nurse my
child for me. caus. -alafisa (alafisize) to order or to help to nurse. int.
-alafelela (ala felezi) to give everyone medical treatment: ba alafelezi munzi
kau-fela, they have treated everyone in the village. ref. -ikalafa (ikalafile)
to take medical care of oneself, to treat oneself.
-alakanya
(alakanyize) v.i. to think about, to consider thoughtfully; to purpose: U
alakanyani? What are you considering?
-alanana
(ala–ani) v.i. (1) to be prominent, jutting out: Mba ya hae i ala nani, he is
pot-bellied. (2) to become constipated, costive.
-alauka
(alaukile) or -aloka (alokile) v.t. and v.i. to shake violently. caus.
-alaukisa (alaukisize) (1) to cause a canoe to wobble through defective
paddling (2) to cause swaying (said of a kilt, as worn by the Malozi).
ale,
dem. pron. pl. (class: bu-ma, li-ma, lu-ma) (4th degree). those over there
Mahobe ale kaufela ki a bo mani? Whose are those portions of buhobe over there?
aleka, n. eng. (Script) ark.
-aluhana
(aluhani) v.i. to part, to separate. cf. -kauhana.
-aluhanya
(aluhanyize) v.t. to separate, to divide. cf. -kauhanya.
-aluka
(alukile) or -alauka (alaukile) v.i. to turn over and over: Mukuli u alauka fa
mumbeta wa hae, the patient is turning over and
over in his bed. cf. -pindumuka.
-alula1
(aluzi) v.t. to divide: Ba aluzi
-alula2
(aluzi) v.t. to finish the con- struction of a bow-net by fixing the upper
ring. der. mwaluli, mwalo.
-alumuna
(alumuzi) v.t. to roll, to remove: Alumuna
-alunguta
(alungutile) v.t. to sort out things in order to find something required. der.
mualunguti. rel. -al-ungutela (alungutezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -alungutisa
(alungu-tisize) to help to sort out things, to order to get things sorted out.
int. -alungutelela (alungutelezi) to sort out things from all boxes, etc.
-ama
(amile) v.t. (1) to touch. to catch, to grasp, to hold. syn. -swala. (2) to
mention: Taba ha i si ka bulelwa, i amilwe fela, the matter has not been
discussed, it has only been mentioned Mutu yo, h'a si ka ama kwateni, this man
said nothing on this subject. rec. -amana (amani ) to refer to: taba ye i amana
ni yani ye ne lu bulela mabani, this matter refers to what we were talking
about yesterday.
-ama-ama
(ama-amile) v.t. to grudge, to give unwillingly, to be unwilling to par with:
N'a lata ku nga mwana. kono mahe a mu ama ama, he wanted to take the child but
the mother was unwilling to part with him.
amata
(amatile) v.t. Luyana. to hold lightly (as when holding a baby).
-amba
( ambile ) v.i. Luyana. to speak. der. yambelwa. syn. -bulela inv. -ambulula
(ambuluzi) to change one's mind.
-ambakana
(ambakani) v.t. to cover all things (flood-water, etc): Mezi a munda a ambakani
libala kaufela, the flood-water covers the whole plain. fig. to be omnipresent.
to be present everywhere: Kamita mutu yo u ambakani mwa litaba kaufela, this
man is always involved in all affairs. der. Muambakani (God)
-ambalala
(ambalalile or -ambalaza (ambalalize) v.t. to stretch out arms, to extend
wings, to spread: U sike wa ambalala mazoho kwa mulilo u ka ca, do not stretch
out your hands to the fire, you may get burnt.
-ambamana
(ambamanine) v.t. to cover. cf. -ambeka.
amba-za-unyanga,
n.pl. Mbunda. hunters' dance. (in Silozi: lipina za manyanga).
-ambeka
(ambekile) v.t. (1) to be leaguer, to surround, to encircle, to cover: Ba
ambekile munzi, they beleaguered the village
-ambelela
(ambelezi) v.t. (1) to cast a spell by using a medicine and incantations
(witchcraft): Butuku bwa hae ki bwa ka ambelelwa, his illness is due to a spell
cast over him (2) to order a crocodile to bring back its prey by incantation
-ambola
(ambozi) or-ambaula (am bauzi) v.i. to talk, to gossip, to chat, to discuss.
der. muamboli, ngambolo. rel. -ambolela (ambolezi) to tell, to talk to, to tell
someone, to speak on behalf of: A mu ni am-bolele litaba, tell me the news.
caus. -ambolisa (ambolisize) to converse. to hold a conversation with, to make
conversation to: Mu ambolise baenyi, make conversation with the guests.
rec -amboli-
-ambuka
(ambukile) v.t. to put aside a matter; to leave someone alone, keep away from
someone: Mu ambuke libyana za mutu, leave the man's personal effects. caus.
-ambusa (ambusize) to keep some one away from: Na ba ni ambusize mwa litaba za
milelo ya bona, they have kept me out of their plans. ref -ikambusa
(ikambusize) to keep oneself out of trouble.
-ambula
(ambuzi) v.t. to stretch out to the full length: Mbande i ambuzi mafufa, the
eagle stretched out its wings.
-ambula2
(ambuzi) v.i. to sit up, to stay up, to keep awake all the night: Lu il'o bu
ambula mane sekee: We sat up the whole night till dawn!
-ambwela1
(ambwezi) v.t. not to do or say again; to stop doing something: U ambwele ku
bulela manzwi ao, do not say those words again.
-ambwela2
(ambwezi) v.i. to remove harm attached to a taboo by saying or doing something.
cf. -mbamba.
-amenena
(amenezi) v.t. (1) to take for oneself, as one's own, things which wer meant to
be shared: U amenena liluo, he is
keeping the whole property for himself. syn. -habelela. (2) to stand by
someone, to assist, to speak in favour of: Kamita mushemi u amenena mwan's hae,
the parent always stands by his child.
-amuba
(amubile) v.i. to lose savour. to become insipid: Busunso bo bu amabile, this
relish is tasteless. syn. -sampuka. rel. -amubela (amu-bezi) to be insipid to:
Sico se sa ni amubela. to me this food is tasteless. caus. -amubisa (amubisize)
to make insipid.
-amuha
(amuhile) v.t. to take from by force, to deprive, to disposess: Mun'a munzi u
mu amuhile simu, the village headman has taken away a garden from him. rel.
-amuhela (amuhezi) to deprive in favour of or on someone's behalf. caus.
-amuhisa (amuhisize) to cause someone's deprivation: Ba mu amuhisize simu ka
busawana, they dispossessed him of his garden through false reports. int.
-amuhelela (amuhelezi) to deprive completely.
-amuhela
(amuhezi) v.t. to receive, to take, to accept; to entertain; to welcome: Ku
amuhela mpo, to accept a gift. Ku amuhela muenyi, to welcome a guest. der.
kamuhelo, luamuhelo. rel. -amuhelela (amuhelezi) to reccive for. and on behalf
of: Mulena Lewanika u amuhelezi Buloz Linzwi la Mulimu, King Lewanika welcomed
the Word of God on behalf of his country. caus. -amuhelisa (amuhelisize) to
help to receive. rec. -amuhelana (amuhelani) to receive each other. spec. exp.
Ku amuhelana ka manzwi, to converse. Ku amuhelana ka ku opela, to sing together
(one sing ing the solo and others singing the chorus).
-amuka1
(amukile) v.i. to breathe with difficulty, to feel pain in the chest: U amukile
mwa sifuba, he feels stabbing pains in his chest. caus. -amukisa (amukisize) to
cause to.
-amuka2
(amukile) v.i. to have one's fill, to be satiated. syn. kula2.
-ana-ana
(ana-anile) v.i. to be ill-mannered, uncivil, forward: Mutu yo wa ana-ana, this
person has no manners. syn. -–ana-–ana. rel. -ana-anela (ana-anezi) to show
uncivility against someone. caus. -ana-anisa) to cause to Yani se si mu
ana-anisa cwalo ki kuli u fumile, it is the fact that he is well off that gives
that person such self-importance.
-anda
(andile) v.t. (1) to freeze, to chill; to damage: Silami si andile licalo, the
frost has damaged the seedlings (2) to become rigid or tight as a rope: Muhala
u andile, the rope is tight. caus. -andisa (andisize) to stretch out (a rope,
etc) -andala (andile or andazi) v.t. to strike, to give a blow to.
-andalala
(andalalile) v.i. (1) to be rigid, to be stiff: Mulala wa hae u andalalile mi
h'a koni ku talima kwa: mulaho, he has such a stiff neck that he is unable to
look behind. (2) to look fixedly. caus. - andalalisa (andalalisize) to cause
stiffness
-andamena
(andamezi) v.t. to wait for someone or something: to expect to inherit: Ki yena
ya anda-mezi situlo sa ndat'ahe, he is the one likely to succeed his father.
der. mwandamena.
-andamisa1
(andamisize) v.t. to expel: to chase: Mushimani yo ba mu andamisize kwa sikolo,
this boy has been expelled from school.
-andamisa2
(andamisize) v.t. to beat the Litunga's drums at fixed times: Utwa, ba
andamisa, Mulena u zwela fande; listen to the drums, the Litunga is coming out
of the palace.
-andauka
(andaukile) v.i. to resound (as a gun when many shots are fired one after the
other, or drums strongly beaten).
-andaula
(andauzi) v.t. to cut into small pieces (firewood, etc).
-andeka
(andekile) v.t. to stretch a reed mat between reed fishing traps. der. muandeko.
aneu!
interj. stop! (used for stopping spans of oxen.)
-anga
(angile) v.t. to conclude marriage negotiations by paying the usual fee to the
girl's parents: Ba angile ka Kwacha i linwi, they have paid K1.00 to seal the
agreement. Musali yo s'a angilwe kwa bashemi ba hae, this woman is engaged to
be married.
-angabala
(angabalile or angabezi) v.t. to be out of one's wits: Mutu ya angabezi h'a
buleli ze nde kwa batu, a man out of
his wits does not say pleasant things to other
people. der. buyanga, siyangano. rel. -anga-balela (angabalezi) to talk
nonsense to, to speak nonsense in the presence of people. caus. -angabalisa
(angabalisize) to drive someone out of his wits: se si mu angabalisize ki ku
loiwa, it is because he has been bewitched that he is out of his wits.
-angamana
(angamani) v.i. to sit or walk with the nose in the air. cf. -nanguka, -inuka.
caus. -angamanisa (angamanisize) to cause to ~.
-angata
(angatile) v.t. Luyana. to walk awkwardly carrying things in both hands. cf.
-mangata. rel. -angatela (angatezi) to carry for someone with both hands.
-anguluka
(angulukile) v.i. to cease being sad, to recover, to be well again (as after
illness or a relative's death): Mulili u angulukile kwa maswabi a hae, the
mourner has got over his sorrow. rel. -angulukela (angulukezi) to show pleasure
again, to enjoy: Mukuli s'a angulu-kela batu, the patient shows pleasure again
in being visited. caus. -angulukisa (angulukisize) to comfortt Balikani ba hae
ba mu angulukisize, his friends comforted him.
ani,
dem. pron. pl. (class: bu-ma, li-ma, lu-ma) 3rd degree; those: Malao ani mu a
sabe! Mind those wasps!
-anjuka
(anjukile) v.i. to look fixedly. syn. -ndwenduka. rel. -anjukela (anjukezi) to
stare at: Bona mbututu mw'a anjukezi baenyi, look how the baby stares at the
visitors.
-anya1
(anyize) v.t. to suck from the breast or cow's udder: Mbututu u anya hande, the
baby is in good health (lit: the baby sucks satisfactorily) der. muanyisi
muanyisezo. syn. -zwepa. rel. -anyeza (anyelize) to suck someone's cow. caus. anyisa (anyisize) to suckle, to nurse at the
breast, to help a child drink directly from a cow; to allow cows to suckle
calves: Mushemi u anyisa mwan'a hae, the mother is suckling her child. fig. to
act in a way which will put someone in dif- ficulty, to exploit syn. -lumeha.
rel. -anyiseza (anyiselize) to suckle for someone: Ni anyiseze mushimani yo,
suckle this boy for me.
-anya2
(anyize) v.t. to beat, to whip, to thrash: Ni mu anyize ka papa, I beat him
with a whip. U ni anyize lubaka, he gave me a violent slap. freq. -anyaula
(anyauzi) to beat repeatedly and severely, to thrash: U mu anyauzi hahalu, he beat him severely
caus-anyaulisa (anyaulisize) to cause or to help to beat: A ku t'o ni anyaulisa
mulisana yo, come and help me to beat this herdsman.
-anya-anya
(anya-anyize) v.t. to touch anything lightly: U tiise kwa ku swala, u sike wa
anya-anya feela; hold fast, not so lightly.
-anyuka1
(anyukile) v.i. to be lying unconscious after being strangled. caus. -anyuna
(anyuzi) v.t. to strangle someone into unconsciousness: u mu anyuzi ka baka la
bu-maswe bwa hae. he strangled him because of his bad behaviour.
-anyuka2
(anyukile) v.i. to come out from behind a cloud (sun, moon, star): Ku se ku
anyumukile, cwalŽ silami si felile: the sun is warming up now, it is no longer
cold. rel. pass -anyumukelwa (anyumukezwi) to get warm in the morning sun; to
dry up (as the morning dew): ki ko kunde ku zuma linyunywani li si ka
anyumukelwa kale, it is good to hunt birds when they are still drowsy in the
early morning.
-a–uka
(a–ukile) v.i. to be fostered or brought up by a relation (sometimes: to be
adopted) Mwan'a ka u anuka ku kaizel'a ka, my child is being brought up by my
sister.
-a–ula
(a–uzi) v.t. to foster, to adopt, to bring up: Mutu yo u anuzi ba banata b
lusika lwa habo, this person has brought up many of his relations. Ka anula,
foster parent. Ya anulela (anulezi) to bring up for; ku anulela mutu mwan'a
hae, to bring up someone's child. caus. -a–ulisa (a–ulisize) to cause to, to
help to bring up: U mu anulisize kwa lindiala, he helped him to bring up some
orphans.
ao,
dem. pron. pl. (class: bu-ma. li- ma, lu-ma) 2nd degree; those: manaka ao ni a
boni, ki a mande hahulu: I saw those tusk, they are superb.
-apala
(apezi) v.i. and v.t. to dress, to wear, to put on: Kacenu u apezi hande, today
he is well dressed. der. siapalo, muapalelo. (fig. mui-kapali) cf. -tina. fig.
exp. Ku apala batu, to take people by surprise, to invade (as during a war).
-apesa
(apesize) v.t. to clothe someone, to dress, to cover: Musali u apesize mwan'a
hae sweta, the woman has dressed her child with a pullover; Munda u apesize
libala, the flood has covered the plain. int. -apeseleza (apeselelize) to cover
fully. rec. fig to become locked in close fighting: Banna ki kale ba apalana,
the men are already coming to blows! syn. -swalana ref. -lkapesa (ikapesize) to
clothe, to dress oneself.
-apuha
(apuhile) v.i. to be uncovered, to lie open: Mukuli wa hao u apuhile, u mu
apese kubo; your patient is lying uncovered, put a blanket on him. Malu a apuhile,
the sky is clear.
-apula
(apuzi) v.t. to uncover, to undress, to strip; to open: U mu apuzi ndelesi mi u
mu siile mapunu, he has taken off her dress and left her naked. Ku apula buka,
to open a book for someone: U tusize ka apulela sibofu buka ya sona, he helped
the blindman to open his book. caus. -apulisa (apulisize) to cause to uncover
or to help to open. int. -apulelela (apulelezi) to open fully; to uncover
completely: U mu apule-lezi likubo za hae kaufela, he has taken off all his
blankets.
-apea
(apeile) v.t. (also apeya) to cook, to stew; to make boil: Ku apea bucwala, to
brew beer; ku apea nama, to stew meat,
der. muapei, buapei, siapeiso, muapeelo. syn. -tateha. rel. -apeela (apeezi) to
cook for: Ku apeela bakuli lico, to cook food for the patients. caus. -apeisa
(apeisize) to order or to help to cook: Ku apeisa lico za bafuluhi, to help to
cook food for the paddlers. int. -apeelela (apeelezi) to cook all: Ku apeelela
nama, to cook all the meat. ref. -lkapeela (ikapeezi) to cook for oneself.
asha!
interj. expressing denial or used to deride someone
-asuka
(asukile) v.i. to speak angrily and loudly; to cry very loudly (baby) rel.
-asukela (asukezi) to speak loudly to: ;. Ku asukela mutu, to speak angrily to
someone. freq. -asoka (asokile) to speak loudly and repeatedly. rel. -asokela
(asokezi) to speak angrily again and again to someone: Muatuli a asokela ya n'a
zekiswa, the judge spoke angrily many times to the accused. caus. -asokisa
(asokisize) to cause to speak angrily: U asokisizwe ki mushiman'a hae, his boy
caused him to speak angrily. U asokisizwe ki ku utwa manzwi a maswe, he spoke
angrily because of the bad language he heard.
-ata
(atile) v.i. to become more abundant, to increase, to multiply, to be common:
Libyana se li atile hahulu mwa mantolo, goods have become more abundant in the
stores. rel. -atela (atezi) to become abundant for someone:
-atama
(atami) v.i. to open the mouth, to be wide open: Nuka i atami, the river is
wide Libita li atami, the grave is open. der. muatamelo, buatamo, rel. -atamela
(atamezi) to open the mouth in order to get food: Linyunywani za bana li
atamela m'a zona h'a taha kwa siyaleto, the fledglings open their mouths for
food when the mother bird comes to the nest. caus. -atamisa (atamisize) to
cause to open the mouth: Atamisa mulomo, u nwe mulyani, wo, open your mouth and
drink this medicine int. -atamelela to open themouth and be ready to catch (as
a crocodile waiting for its prey)
-atameza
(atamezi) v.t. Sotho. to bring near: Atameza mukuli ku mualafi, bring the
patient near the i doctor. syn. -suteleza a-ta-mba-ku-ngwana, Luyana. Some day
I will get my revenge. (lit. They-will-find-me.). idiom. exp. used by somebody
who is ill treated.
-atuka
(atukile) v.i. to be coarse, to be rough: to get discoloured: Buhobe bo bu
atuka mwa hanu, this buhobe is rough in the mouth. Lisila le li atukile kapili,
this fabric has faded quickly. caus. -atukisa (atukisize) to cause to: Mu sefe
bupi hande, mu ka ha atukisa, sift the
flour well lest it remains coarse.
-atula
(atuzi) v.t. to judge, to pass sentence, to arbitrate: to condemn: Mu atule
taba ye, judge this case, der. muatuli, katulo, muatulelo, rel. -atulela
(atulezi) (1) to judge in favour of, to acquit: Kuta i mu atulezi, the court
acquitted him; (2) to condemn or sentence to: Ku atulela mutu lifu, to sentence
a person to death. caus. -atulisa (atulisize) to help to judge, to assist in
trying cases: Manduna ba atulisa Ngambela, councillors assist the Ngambela in
trying cases.
-atumela
(atumezi) v.t. to get near: Ku atumela munzi, to get near the village. caus.
-atumeza (atumelize) to cause to come near. ref. -lkatu-meza ( ikatumelize) to
come near to someone (der) buikatumezo.
-atumuluha
(atumuluhile) v.i. to be well stretched; to be wide: Mukwakwa u atumuluhile,
the road is wide. caus. -atumulusa (atumulusize) to stretch well: Atumulusa
mulomo ni kumule lino la hao, open your mouth wide so that I may pull out your
tooth. Ku atumulusa mukwakwa, to widen the road
au!
interj. expressing surprise: what! is that so!
awa,
adv. no. syn. batili.
ayaya!
interj. expressing fatigue, weariness.
-aya-aya
(aya-ayile) v.i. to be unable to speak clearly through fear or stammering: Mutu
yo ki wa sikukuma, u aya-aya feela, this man is stammering and cannot speak
clearly.
ayeka
(ayekile) v.t. Luyana. to acknowledge salutations (said of the Litunga when
greeted by relatives) pass. -ayekwa (ayekilwe): Ba ayekilwe, their salutation has been accepted.
caus. -avekisa (ayekisize) to order someone to acknowledge the salutation.
B
b,
Generally soft. Somtimes almost pronounced as v: buhobe. After m, has an
explosive sound: mba.
ba,
(1) pref. pl (class mu-ba) (2) pers. pron. 3rd pers. pl. subj and obj.: they,
them: Ba ni bona, they see me: u ba tusize, he has helped them. (3) rel. pron.
(same class) those who: Mu tiise lipilu za ba ba lila, comfort those who mourn.
(4) dem. pron. pl. (same class) 1st degree; these: Bana ba, these children. (5)
poss. part. pl. (same class): Bana ba luna, our children. (6) In plural
denoting respect: Bo ndate ba kula, my father is ill.
ba!
interj. of instant request: Mu tise mwanana yo kwanu ba! Do bring this child
here, quick!
-ba
(bile) v.i. defective, used alternately with corresponding verb -li, as in
dependent clauses and imperfect tenses. (1) to be: Ku ba teni, to be there. Ku
ba siyo, not to be there; ba is not expressed in 1st and 2nd persons of present
tense: Ni mutu, I am a person. Mu ba bande, you are good (or beautiful or
handsome). In the 3rd person sing and pl' ki replaces the pronoun: Ki mutu, he
is a person; ki ba bande, they are good. (2) to exist: Na li ka ba mutu, from
the time I came into existence. (idiom. exp. used in denial, meaning:
never, not at any time) (3) to become:
Likota ze ha li ka ba ze tuna li ka be a hahulu, when these trees become big,
they will bear much fruit. (4) When used as an auxiliary verb, ba gives the
meaning of 'eventually' or 'until': Na ba na mu fa
-ba
ni, v.t. (1) to have (to be with): Ku ba ni mata, to have strength. Also formed
by use of auxiliary verb -na ni (to sit with) in indicative and conditional
moods: Ni na ni bana, I have children. Kaba ni na ni
-baama
(baamile) or baamana (baamani) v.i. to bar the way: Noha i baamile mwa nzila,
the snake is lying across the path. caus. -baamisa (baamisize) or baameka
(baamekile) to cause to bar the way: U side was baameka munsi mwa munyako, do
not put the pestle across the door. Ba
baamisize ndembela ye fubelu ku kwala mukwakwa, they have positioned the red
flag, closing the road.
-baba
(babile) v.i. (1) to be bitter: Nkwinini ya baba, quinine is bitter. rel.
-babela (babezi) to be bitter to: Sico se sa ni babela mwa hanu, this food has
a bitter taste in my mouth. (2) to itch: Lukwekwe lwa baba, scabies itch. caus.
-babisa (babisize) to make bitter: Ba babisize busunso ka lizwai le lin ata,
they made the relish bitter by sprinkling on too much salt.
-babaila
(babailile or babaezi) v.i. to walk with difficulty, with sore feet: Mutu yo u
babaila inge ya na kulile linda, this person walks as if he suffered from
jiggers (chigoes) syn. -babalika. caus. -babailiseze) to help someone who walks
with difficulty: Ku babailisa mukuli, to help a patient to walk.
-babalela
(babalezi) v.t. to take care of, to look after, to attend to, to provide: Ku
babalela mbututu, to take care of a baby. Ku babalela likomu, to look after the
cattle. der. mubabaleli, pabalelo. syn. -tokomela. rel. -babalelela
(babalelezi) to take care of on someone'e behalf. caus. -babalelisa
(babaleli-size) to help to ~. rec. -babalelana (babalelani) to take mutual
care, to take care of each other. ref. -ipabalela (ipabalezi) to take care of
oneself.
-babata
(babatile) v.i. and v.t. to grope, to feel one's way, to poke, to look for a
thing in darkness or under water: Sibofu si ba bata mu-nyako, the blindman is
groping for the door. syn. -pupuleza. rel. -babatela (babatezi) to grope for
someone. caus. -babatisa (babatisize) to help, to assist in groping: T'o
ni babatise mankisi wa luna, come and
help me to look for our matches (in darkness).
-babaza
(babazize) v.t. Sotho. to admire, to wonder at, to praise: Ne ba mu babaza ka
sishemo sa hae, they praised him for his kindness. cf. -lumba.
-babuha
(babuhile) or -babuka (babukile) v.i. (1) to be singed, slightly roasted:
Milili ya ka i babuhile, my hair got singed. (2) to be frost-bitten (of young
plants) freq. -babauka (babaukile) to be singed all over or in many places.
-babula
(babuzi) v.t. (1) to singe, to rast slightly. (2) to injure by frost: Silami si
babuzi licalo, the frost has nipped the seedlings. der. sibabu-lani fig. to
scold bitterly. caus. -babulisa (babulisize) to cause to singe, to help someone
to burn something: U t'o ni babulisa sului, come and help me destroy the red
ants with burning grass.
bafi?
inter. pron. pl. (class: mu-ba) who? which? Bana ba mina ki bafi? Which are
your children?
bafi
ni bafi, indef. pron. (class: mu-ba) whichever: Batu bafi ni bafi, whoever
these people are, whoever they may be. By extension: all, without any
exception.
bahabo
(sing. wa -) bona: Bahabo luna, our relations; bahesu, my relations, bahenu,
Your relations.
baikale,
n. pl. (batu baikale), the people of old, ancestors.
baikulu,
n. pl. grandsons or granddaughters.
baikulu-ba-baikulu,
n. pl. progeny, descendants, offspring, lineage. -baka (bakile) v.i. to change
one's mind; to repent, to be penitent; to amend: Ni bakile, I repent. (Ku baka,
used as noun means: repentance. Ku sa baka. impenitence) rel. -bakela (bakezi) to repent for, to give
up: Bakela lihi za hao, give up your evil ways. caus. -bakisa (bakisize) to
cause to repent (through punishment) rel. -bakiseza (bakiselize) to punish on
someone-s behalf: T'o ni bakiseze mwanana yo, come and punish this child for
me. int. -bakelela (bakelezi) to give up one's evil ways for good.
-bakanya
(bakanyize) v.t. to arrange, to put in order, to tidy, to prepare: Lu bakanyize
hande libyana mwa sintolo, we have put the goods tidily in the store. syn.
-lukisa. rel. -bakanyeza (bakanyelize) to prepare for: Lu bakanyeze haenyi ndu,
let us get the house ready for the guests. caus. -bakanyisa (bakanyisize) to
help to: Musizana yo u ni bakanyisize lipeu, this girl has helped me to get the
seeds ready. stat. -bakanyeha (bakanyehile) to be in order, to be tidy: Ndu i
bakanyehile hande, the house is in good repair. int. -bakanyeleza
(bakanyelelize) to put completely in order ref. -lpakanya (ipakanyize) to
prepare oneself, to get ready.
Bakenisa
prep; (lit: mwa sibaka-sa, in the place of) instead of~,on account of, on
behalf of: U.sebeze bakenisa ku bulela, do some work instead of talking.
baki
(li-) n. coat, jacket: U apezi baki ye nde, she is wearing a fine coat.
-bakula1
(bakuzi) v.t. to beat with the open hand, to slap on the face or on the body: U
mu bakuzi fˆ lilama, he has slapped him on the cheek. rel. -bakulela (bakulezi)
to for someone: Ni bakulele yena, slap him for me. freq. -bakaula (bakauzi) to
slap repeatedly.
-bakula2
(bakuzi) v.t. to take meal out of a mortar to be sifted. rel. -bakulela
(bakulezi) to ~ for someone
-bala
(balile) v.t. (1) to read: Ku bala buka, to read a book (2) to count, to
reckon: Lu balile likomu za luna, we have counted our cattle. der. mubali, palo,
lipalo, mubalelo. rel.-balela (balezi) to read to, to read for: to count for: U
ba balele 1inolo le, read this letter for them caus. -balisa (balisize) to
teach someone to read; to help someone to count. int. -balelela (balelezi) to
read or count completely. inv. -balulula (baluluzi) to read or count again and
again. ref. -lpalela (ipalezi) to ~ for oneself.
-bala-bala
(bala-balile) v.t. to talk nonsense, to talk a lot in order to hide thc truth.
rel. -bala-balela (bala-balezi) to talk nonsense to. caus. -bala-balisa
(bala-balisize) to cause to talk nonsense: Tala i mu bala-balisa zenata, hunger
causes him to talk a lot.
-baleha
(balehile) v.i. to run away, to flee: Ba balehile nwa ndwa, they fled from the
war. der. mubalehi, mubaleheli, paleho, baleho. cf: saba rel. -balehela
(balehezi) to flee to, to take refuge in; to flee from: Mulena Lewanika n'a
halehezi kwa Mashi, King Lewanika fled to Mashi. caus, -balehisa ( balehisize
to cause to ~.
baleho,
(li-) n. flight!,escape (from: -baleha)
-balekela
(balekezi) v.t. to put other pots on the fire: Balekela piza kwatuko, put the
pot on the fire close to the other one.
balela1
(balezi) v.t. to get into the windpipe (larynx): Mezi a ni balezi, the water
has half choked me. caus. -balelisa (balelisize) to cause to ~: U ni balelisa mezi ka ku ni sehisa, you
cause the water to go down the wrong way when you make me laugh.
-balela2
(balezi) v.t. to put laths in a wall or a roof: Ku balela lapa, to strengthen
the grass enclosure with laths. der. libalelo or lubalelo. rel. -balelela (
balelezi ) to ~ for someone caus. -balelisa(balelisize) to help ~: U t'o ni
balelisa lapa la ka, come and help me to put laths on my grass enclosure.
balimu,
n. pl. ancestral spirits.
-baluka1
(balukile) v.i. to have the ears cocked (as dogs when roused by a distant
sound). (Also said of people with protruding ears): Mwana ya balukile lizebe u
talimeha ku ba ni butali, a child whose ears stick out is likely to be clever
fig. to be all ears, to prick up one's ears.
-baluka2
(balukile) v.i. to get split off as a splinter, to be chipped syn. -pazuha.
-bama
(bamile) v.i. to be irregular or roughly sewn: Museme wo u bamile, this mat has
been roughly sewn. cause. -bamisa (bamisize) to sew roughly.
-bamala
(bamazi) v.t. to beat, to strike: U mu bamazi ka mulamu, he beat him with a
stick syn. -nata.
-bamba1
(bambile) v.t. to bind round tightly with bark, string, etc. Ba bamhile pizana
ka makumba, they have bound the pot round with bark. rel. -bambela (bambezi) to
~ for someone.
-bamba2
(bambile) v.t. Luyana. to catch; to handcuff. rel. -bambela (bambezi) to hold
for someone. caus. -bambisa (bambisize) to help someone to hold.
bambaba1
(bambabile) v.i. to show a bad character in speaking: Mutu ya bambabile ku tata ku mu twaelela, it is
difficult to become intimate with someone who is all the time speaking in
anger.
-bambaba2
(bambabile) v.i. to be hard-hearted, bad tempered. der. bubamba.
-bambana
(bambani) v.i. to fight: Lu ta bambana ha u ni lwaha, we shall fight if you
insult me. syn. -lwana. rel. -bambanela (bambanezi) to fight for a definite
reason or purpose.
-bambeka
(bambekile) v.t. to treat or regard with favour: Mulena u mu bambekile hande,
the Litunga has shown him favour. caus. -bambe-kisa (bambekisize) to recommend
someone, to help someone to be well-treated.
-bambela
(bambezi) v.t. to bind a spear, a fishing spear etc., to prevent it from
getting loose from its handle. rel. -bambelela (bambelezi) to ~ for someone.
fig to force someone to stay where he does not like. cause. -bambelisa (bambelisize)
to help to ~.
-bambiliketa1
(bambiliketite) v.t. to force somebody to do something against his will: Ku
bambiliketa mwana kwa sa lati ku ina, to force a child to stay where he does
not like. cf. -bambela, -tamelela.
-banda1
(bandile) v.i. to threaten to fight (esp. hippo or bull) (see: -ipanda)
-banda2
(bandile) v.t. to escape, to pass through a danger: folofolo i lu bandile, the
animal escaped from us. der. lubandangoti. caus. -bandisa (bandisize) to help
to escape, to let someone go: Ba bandisize batu ba banata, they let many people
get through.
-banda3
(bandile) v.t. to strike someone on the head with the palm of the hand: Ku banda mutu lubaka, to give
someone a slap on the head.
-banda4
(bandile) v.t. to cut roughly into shape, to start carving: U banda
-bandaeza
(bandaezize) v.t. to clean a plate with the last portion of 'buhobe' at the end
of a meal.
-bandamena
(bandamezi) v.t. to watch for someone, to hide oneself in order to attack
someone, to ambush: Ba mu bulaile ka ku mu bandamena, they have killed him in
an ambush. caus. -bandamenisa (bandamenisize) to help to ~.
-banduka
(bandukile) v.i. to split off (as an animal from a herd) to get free from harm,
to escape when others don't: Lo bandukile mwa ndwa, we got through the war
without harm rel. -bandukela (bandukezi) to escape in a certain way: U
bandukezi fo ku nyinyani, he had a narrow escape. caus. -bandukisa (bandukisize)
to enable someone to escape danger; to rescue.
-bandutula
(bandutuzi) v.t. (1) to put things in order to set in order: Ku bandutula liluo
la mutu, to organise the right distribution of a dead man's property. (2) to
bring convincing arguments into a case: Mwa muzeko wa mubu ku tokwahala ya ziba
ka bandutula hande, in a land contestation a clever witness is needed.
-bandumuka
(bandumukile) v.i. to escape, to disappear.
-banga
(bangile) v.t. Luyana. to nurse, to doctor, to give medicine to der. mubangi,
nganga. rel. -bangela (bangezi) to nurse for someone. caus. -bangisa
(bangisize) to help to ~.
-bangoka
(bangokile) v.i. not to listen to, to be mischievous; to be fond of spoiling
things, of fighting der. sibangoki. caus. -bangokisa (bangokisize) to cause to
~.
-bangula
(banguzi) v.t. to cut barbs on fishing spears.
bani,
dem. pron. pl. (class: mu-ba) 3rd degree; those: bashimani bani ba ezani? What
are those boys doing?
-banja
(banjize) v.t. to take grain out of the granary in order to stamp it: Ku banka
mulalelo, to get out some grain for supper. der. mubanji. rel. -banjela or
-banjeza (banjelize) to give someone grain from the granary for stamping.
banji,
Luyana exp. meaning: the bottom is near (used in river transports when paddlers
must cease rowing and start poling) cf. akalikule.
-banjo
(li-) n.
bapala
(bapalile) v.i. to plays to amuse oneself. der. mubapali papali, sibapaliso,
mubapalalo, libapalelo. fig. to be in good health: Banana ba bapala hande, the
children are in good health. rel. -bapalela (bapalezi) to play at, to play on;
to pull someone's leg, to trifle" Ku bapalela batu, to jeer at people.
caus. -bapalisa (bapalisize) to amuse, to play with, to entertain: U bapalisa
mwana, he is playing with the child; u sike wa bapalisa libizo la Mulimu, you
must not take the name of the Lord in
vain. rel. -bapaliseza (bapaliselize) to cause to play for, at, in. U sike wa
bapaliseza banana mwa ndu, do not play with the children in the house.
bapana
(bapani) v.i. to be near one another: Mandu a luna a bapani hahulu, our houses
are too close. der. mabapa ni.
-bapanya
(bapanyize) v.t. (1) to put things side by side or to put people in one line as
in a race. (2) to compare: U sike wa bapanya mutu ya lukile ni silumba sani, do
not compare a good man with that rascal.
-bapisa
(bapisize) v.t. to compare, to illustrate, to give an example: N'a bapisa komu
ya ka ni ya hae, he was comparing my cow to his. ref. -lpapisa (ipapisize) to
compare oneself to.
-bapaza
(bapazize) v.t. to barter, to exchange, to offer for sale, to advertise: U
bapaza komu ya hae, he is offering his cow for sale. der. papazo. syn.
-fundota. rel. -bapazeza (bapazelize) to for someone.
-bapuha
(bapuhile) v.i. to be well stretched: Maoma a bapuhile hande, the skin covering
the royal drums is well stretched.
-bapula
(bapuzi) v.t. to stretch with pegs, to peg, to put a hide on a drum: Ba bapuzi
tente, they have pegged out the tent. der. mubapuli, sibapuliso. syn. -takisa.
fig. to throttle someone until all his limbs are outstretched. rel. -bapulela
(bapulezi) to for someone. caus. -ba-pulise (bapulisize) to help to. inv.
-bapulula (bapuluzi) to take off pegs from a stretched skin, etc.
-basa
(basize) v.t. to paint. to put colours on, to dye, to decorate: Musali yo u
basize hande lipiza za hae, this woman has artistically decorated her pots.
der. mubaso, sibasiso. fig. to transmit
colour by breeding: Ki ifi poho ye basa cwana? Which bull is it that produces
stock of such a colour? rel. -baseza (baselize) to paint for someone. caus.
-basisa (basisize) to help to paint.
basi,
(li-) n.
basu
! interj. expressing fright, wonder, instant request: Mu n'o akufa basu! Do
hurry up! (same as besu, basuni, basunu, which are slightly more polite.)
bata!
n.
-bata1
(batile) v.t. (1) to seek, to look for; to wish, to require, to desire: Ni bata
-bata2
(batile) v.i. (1) to be cool or cold:
-bata3
(batile) v.i. to be tasteless, to be insipid: Busunso bo bwa bata, this relish
is tasteless.
-bata4
(batile) v.t. to strike (usually on the head): U mu batile lituma, he has
wounded him on the head. rel. -batela (batezi) to beat at, in freq. -bataka
(batakile) to strike repeatedly in several places.
-bateka
(batekile) v.t. to hang something on a forked pole, to place under the eaves,
to hold between one's legs (a drum, etc.:) U bateke swaki ya mezi kwa lifata,
hang the water bag on the forked pole
bati!
interj. of surprise Ha!
batili,
adv. no (polite word of refusal or denial) syn. awa. (impolite not used to
superiors)
-batula
(batuzi) v.t. Luyana. to cut. der. sibataulo. syn. -puma. rel. -batulela
(batulezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -batulisa (batulisize) to help to ~. freq.
-bataula (batauzi) to cut into pieces.
-baula
(bauzi) v.t. to go across a river. syn. -sila. caus. -baulisa (baulisize) to
take across a river.
-bayula1
(bayusi) v.i. to overflow (of rivers and canals) freq. -bayaula (bayauzi) to
overflow in many places when the flood arrives.
-bayula2
(bayuzi) v.t. to strike with a stick or
knobkerry: Ba mt bayuzi fa pata, they struck him on the face. fig. to speak
plainly: Ku bayula taba, to explain the matter straight forwardly
-bea
(beile) v.t. (1) to put, to place, to set up: Buka ye u y'o i bea fa tafule, go
and put this book on the table (2) to install: Ku bea mutu fa bulena, to crown
a king. (3) to bear fruit, to produce, to yield: Likota za luna li beile
hahulu, our trees have produced, much fruit. der. mubei, sibeiso, peo. rel.
-beela (beezi) (1) to keep for someone: Mu y'o ni beela, go and keep some food
for me, I am coming. (2) to put poison in someone's food. der. mabeela. caus.
-beisa (beisize) (1) to help to put things in their places: T'o ni beise
libyana mwa ndu, come and help me put things in the house. (2) to make
fruitful; to have green fingers: Wena ya beisa, u t'o ni calela, as you have
green fingers, please come and sow my seeds. ref. -lpea (ipeile) (1) to submit
oneself: Mutu kaufela a ipee mwatasi a ba ba busa, let everybody be subject to
the higher power. (2) to be self confident, to presume: Mutu yo u ipea ya
lukile. this man believes in his own right-eousness.
-beba1
(bebile) v.t. to give a smooth finish to woodwork (spear handle, paddle, etc.
der. mubebi, sibebiso, mubebelo. syn. -yenga rel. -bebela (bebezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -bebisa (bebisize) to help to ~ ref. -lbebela (ibebezi) to ~ for
oneself
-beba2
(bebile) v.i. Luyana. to play. der. sibebiso. syn. -bapala.
-bebuluha
(bebulukile) v.i. to stray from the right direction; to miss the aim in
shooting: Lilumo li bebulukile, the shot has missed the target. rel. -bebulukela (bebulukezi) to turn
away, to deviate towards. caus. -bebulukisa (bebulukisize) to cause to ~ : U
sike wa bebulukisa mukolo, don't cause the canoe to deviate.
-beka
(bekile) v.t. to cut meat into small pieces, to make biltong or thongs. der.
mubeki, sibekiso, mubekelo. rel. -bekela (bekezi) to ~ for someone. caus.
-bekisa (bekisize) to order or to help to ~ fig to overwork: Ba ni bekisize
musebezi ni li nosi, they ordered me to do all the work alone. ref. - fig -
ipekisa (ipekisize) to take too much upon oneself: Mu sike mwa ipekisa taba mu
nosi, don't bear the trouble alone.
-beka-beka
(beka-bekile) v.t. to spoil a child: Musali yo u bekabeka hahulu mwan'a hae,
this woman spoils her child far too much.
-bela
(bezi) v.t. to grind millet: Ba bela lukesha fa licwe, they grind red millet on
a flat stone. rel. -belela (belezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -belisa (belisize)
to assist in grinding or to order to grind.
-beleka1
(belekile) v.i. to work for wages. der. mubeleki, mubelekisi, sibelekiso,
peleko, pelekiso, mubeleko, pelekelo. cf. -sebeza. rel. -belekela (belekezi) to
work for someone or for some definite purpose: Ni belekela mwan'a ka
I am working in order to find money to pay my tax.
-beleka2 (belekile) v.t. to file or rasp metals. der.
libeleko rel. -belekela (belekezi) to ~ for someone caus. -belekisa
(belekisize) to help to ~.
-belela
(belezi) v.i. (1) to be transparent due to thinness or wear (as cloth or a
thatched roof which lets in light; also of a forest near its edge): Kwa belela,
lu tuha lu punya mushitu, we can see light through the trees, so we shall
shortly be at the edge of the forest. (2) (of cloth) to be diaphanous or
transparent. Lisila le la belela, this material is diaphanous.
-belemeka
(belemekile) v.t. to cheat, to deceive. syn. -pelemeka, -puma, onga, etc.
-belenga
(belengile) v.t. (1) to exterminate by witchcraft or war: Ki muloi, u belengile
batu ba banata, he is a wizard he has killed many people. (2) to work hard, to
get through a lot of work in a short time: Munna yo u belengile likota mwa
litema, this man felled all the trees in the cassava garden in no time at all.
rel. -belengela (belengezi) to exterminate on someone's behalf. caus.
-belangisa (belengi-size) to cause extermination.
-belengana
(belengani) v.i. to be visible through (as light through a thatched roof or
trees): Ndu ye ya belengana, the thatch of this house lets the light through.
-beluka
(belukile) v.i. to pass quickly before the eyes and disappear: Ni boni mwanana
ya n'a beluka fa, I have just seen a child flashing past. der. mubelukela.
-bemauka
(bemaukile) v.i. to be lured out of one's way, to be drawn on, to be led astray
(as by magic power). caus. -bemauna (bemauzi) or -bemaukisa (bemauki size) to
lure, to draw on, to induce by magic power: Sesi mu bemauzi ki sika mani? What
has lured him into danger?
-bemba
(bembile) v.t. to frighten, to terrify by threats: Mushemi u bembile mwan'a hae
kuli a tuhele mikwa ya hae ye maswe, the parent has frightened his child out of
his bad ways. rel. -bembela (bembezi) to threaten someone on another's behalf.
caus. -bembisa (bembisize) to cause to ~.
-bembula
(bembuzi) v.i. to be scared of fighting, to fear and avoid fighting.
-bena-bena
(bena-benile) v.i. to go here and there, begging for food: to look for someone
(as an angry person anxious to fight) der. mubena-beni caus. -bena-benisa
(bena-benisize) to cause to ~
benda
(bendile) v.i. (1) to be angry, to do serious damage, to be given to violence
or lust (as a man set on raping women) Mwa silalo sa luna ku na ni tau ye
benda, in our district there is a fierce lion. (2) to look for an object placed
under the roof of a hut, to search, to look around, to find. rel. -bendela
(bendezi) to be very angry with someone. caus. -bendisa (bendisize) to cause to
~. freq. -bendana (bendanile) to move
angrily from place to place.
-benga
(bengile) v.t. to make a slit in a grass enclosure in order to peep through, to
push aside high grass or reeds in order to pass through
-benjuka
(benjukile) v.i. (1) to be odd, not according to rule or standard: Mutu yo u
benjukile pile (moya), this person is a queer character. (2) to be flay-footed:
Mushimani yo u benjukile mautu, this boy is flay-footed. (3) to be crooked: Ndu
ye i benjukile situwa, the roof of this
house is crooked.
-
benya (benyize) v.i. to shine. to glitter, to be bright: Masenge a ndu ya ka a
benya, the tin roof of my house is shining. syn. kanya. caus. -benyisa (benyelize,
today he was severely scolded lit. today the scorching sun (kazazi) has shone
on him.) freq. -benyauka (benyaukile) to be frequently irritated, to be
flashing again and again as lightning during a storm.
-besa
(besize) v.t. to roast. der. mubesi. rel. -beseza (beselize) to roast for
someone. caus. -besisa (besisize) to help to roast. ref. -lpeseza (ipeselize)
to roast for oneself.
besu,
besunu, see: basu.
-beta1
(betile) v.t. to carve, to hew; to plane: Ku beta mukolo, to make a canoe. der.
mubeti, bubeti, sibetiso, mubetelo, libetelo. rel. -betela (betezi) to ~ for
someone. caus. -betisa (betisize) to order or to help to ~. ref. -lpetela (ipetezi) to ~ for oneself: Ki
na ya ipetezi ona mukolo wo, I have made myself this canoe.
-beta2
(betile) v.t. Luyana. to fold the legs of a dead or dying person.
-beteka
(betekile) v.t. Sotho. to betray, to have bad designs against someone, to lead
someone into trouble or danger: U betekile mwana habo, mi u mu bulaisize, he
betrayed his brother and caused his death. der. mubeteki syn. -oka, -puma.
-beula
(beuzi) v.t. to shave: U sike wa beula mbututu ka kabemba, don't shave the
baby's hair with a razor blade. fig. to cut off: Ni ta ku beula zebe ka mulamu!
I will cut off your ear with a stick. den mubeuli, sibeuliso. rel. -beulela
(beulezi) to ~ for someone. ref. -lpeula (ipeuzi) to shave oneself.
-
-bewama
(bewami) v.i. to sit down, to approach somebody in order to give him a false
statement: Mutu yani u bewami ku Ngambela ku bulela buhata, that man has
approached the Ngambela to give him a false statement. der. kabewa. -beta
(beyile) v.t. as: -bea.
-beyeka
(beyekile) v.t. as: -beteka.
bi,
(1) pref. pl. (class: si-bi) giving a noun a meaning of wretchedness: Bindu,
delapidated houses, (2) pron. pl. subj and obj. (same class) they, them: Biseme
byani bi lekisizwe kaufela, those poor mats have been sold out: bitapi bye, ya
bi lekile ki mani? Who has bought such bad fish? (3) rel. pron. pl. (same
class): those which: bisholi bye be bi bulelwa ki bifi? Who are these robbers
the people are speaking of?
-biama
(biami or biamile v.i. To have a bent for something, to refuse advice, to act
against orders. spec. exp.: Mutu yo u biami pilu, this man is very obstinate.
rel. -biamela (biamezi) to have the mind bent on: Mutu yo pilu ya hae i biamezi
kwa musebezi, this person is intent upon his work. caus. -biamisa (biamisize)
to cause someone to be bent upon.
Bibele,
(li-) n.
biemba-bya-nalikwanda
n. idiom. exp. (used as a fearful oath): U pazuhe biemba-bya-nalikwanda, may
you split like fragments of the Nalikwanda.
-bifa
(bifile) v.i. to be angry: fig. exp. Nuka i bifile, the river is rough. der.
mabifi. rel. -bifela (bifezi) to be angry against. caus. -bifisa (bifisize) to
cause to ~. int. -bifelela (bifelezi) to
be persistently angry against int. (pass) -bifelelewa bifelezwi) to be set against someone.
-biha
(bihile) v.t. to report, to announce, to make known: Mu y'o biha taba ye kwa
kuta, go and report this matter to the court. der. mubihi, piho. rel. bihela (bihezi)
to report to. ref. -lpiha (ipihile) to
present oneself to, to report for duty.
-bikuka
(bikukile) v.i. (1) to stand up, to move: Munna yo h'a na ku bikuka kapili fˆ
inzi, this man is not going to move quickly from where he is sitting. (2) to
get up-rooted (of trees).
-bikula
(bikuzi) v.t. to raise, to lift up a heavy load, to up-root syn. -bikumuna rel.
-bikulela (bikulezi) to lift up for someone. caus. -bikulisa (bikulisize) to
help to lift up.
-bikumuka
(bikumukile) v.i. to bank up, to pile up (clouds, etc.) to get lifted up:
-bikumuna
(bikumuzi or bikumunile) v.t. to raise a heavy thing: U bikumuzi sinkuzi, he
has lifted up a very heavy, stout person. syn. -bikula.
-bikutula
(bikutuzi) v.t. to be lucky in catching large fish.
-bila
(bilile) v.i. to boil; to ferment: Mezi a bila, the water is boiling fig. to
sweat much: Ni fufulezwi maswe, mane na bila, I am absolutely pouring with sweat
lit. I am sweating badly even to boiling-point. pass. to be afflicted or
troubled with: Wena u bilwa ki sika mani? What ails you? caus. -bilisa
(bilisize) to cause to ~. rel. -biliseza
(biliselize) to ~ for someone.
-bilaela
(bilaezi) v.i. (1) to be dissatisfied, disappointed; to murmur, to grumble: Ni
bilaela ka mupuzo wa ka, I am
dissatisfied with my wages; (2) to be anxious: U bilaela ka ya kwa sipatela, he
is anxious to go to the hospital; (3) to complain, to lodge a complaint: Ni
bilaela ka mutu ya uzwize mali a ka, I am complaining about the person who
stole my money; (4) to be suspicious, to hesitate: Ni bilaela ka Nyambe kuli
mwendi ki yena ya uzwize mali a ka, I suspect that Nyambe perhaps stole my
money. Der. mubilaeli, pilaelo. rel. -bilaelela (bilaelezi) to complain about.
caus. -bilaeza (bilaelize or bilaezize) or -bilaelisa (bilaelisize) to cause
dissatisfaction, anxiety. ref. -ipilaeza (ipilaelize) to fear the consequence
of one's own actions.
-bilauka1
(bilaukile) or-biloka (bilokile) v.i. to boil much: Mbonyi ya bilauka mwa piza,
the grain is boiling over in the pot; to be much agitated: Lutaka lu bilauka
mwa sibuba, the reeds are swaying up and down in the current.
-bilauka2
(bilaukile) v.i. to be unusually large (eye): Meto a hae a bilauka, the whites
of his eyes make them look large and beautiful; to be turned up (as the eyes of
a dying person) caus. -bilaula (bilauzi) or -bilaukisa (bilaukisize) to turn
one's eyes all around (of a person in a fit).
-bilima
(bilimile) vi. to move fast (as a wheel turning round quickly); to walk or
dance lightly: Mutu yani u bilima inge mota, that person walks as fast as a
car. rel. -bilimela (bilimezi) to move quickly towards. caus. -bilimisa
(bilimisize) to cause to move quickly.
bilingana
(bilingani) v.i. to get excited, to be quick-tempered: Mutu yo u bilingana
fela, this person easily loses his temper. caus. -bil inganisa (bilinganisize)
to cause to ~.
-bilingela
(bilingezi) v.t.to use medicine in order to bewitch; to provide a charm to
prevent a person from being bewitched, to remove a spell. rel. -bilingelela
(bilingelezi) to bewitch on someone's behalf. caus. -bilingelisa
(bilingelisize) to cause to ~.
bilu!
ideoph. referring to the leap of a fish.
-biluka1
(bilukile) v.i. to come to the surface, to leap or suddenly turn over (fish)
sp. exp.: Ku biluka kwa pilu, to feel like vomiting, to feel a spasmodic move
of the stomach. der. bilu! caus. -bilula (biluzi) to raise sand or mud (like
fish trying to hide).
-biluka2
(bilukile) Luyana. v.i. to undergo a change of shape (as human beings believed
to have the power to change into beasts) der. mukubilu. caus. -bilula (biluzi)
to cause to ~. ref. -lpilula (ipiluzi)
to ~ oneself.
-bima
(bimile) v.t. to bring misfortune or cause an accident by a spell cast over
someone from a distance. syn. -shi–a. rel. -bimela (bimezi) to ~ against
someone. cause. -bimisa (bimisize) to cause to ~.
bimbandungulu,
n. pl. old broken wooden dishes.
bimingi-mingi.
n. pl. small portions of fish.
-bina
(binile) v.i. to dance: Ni ziba ku bina Ngomalume, I know how to dance the
Ngomalume (Lozi men's dance). der. mubini, pina, sibiniso, mubinelo. syn.
-funya, funyungula. rel. -binela (binezi) to dance for somebody to sing to: Ku
binela Mulena, ku mu opelela lipina, to dance for the Litunga, to sing songs for him. caus, -binisa (binisize) to
join someone dancing; to clap hands for someone dancing; to conduct singing.
int. -binelela (binelezi) to dance for a gift or for food: Mubini yo u binelela
lico, this dancer is dancing for food. red.-bina-bina (bina-binile) to dance
for a short time.
-binda
(bindile) v.t. to fold, to wind or roll into a ball: Mandui ba binda kanyandi,
the fishermen are folding up their net. rel. -bindela (bindezi) to ~ for. caus.
-bindisa (bindisize to help someone to ~.
int.-bindelela (bindelezi) to ~ completely.
-binda-binda
(binda-bindile) v.i. to try to do a difficult thing; to be unequal to.
-bindana
(bindani) v.i. see: -bingana.
-bindekela
(bindekezi) v.i. to try hard, but in vain: Lu li ka bindekela, ha lu koni,
though we try hard, we do not succeed. cf. -lika.
-bindela
(bindezi) v.t. (1) to cause someone to trip. (2) to take a fish by the head
when caught in a net in order to kill it. (3) to steer a canoe with a paddle in
order to keep it steady. der. mabindela.
bindele,
n. an illness, no longer occurring, associated with superstitious beliefs.
-bindula
(binduzi) v.t. (1) to move the eyes slightly: Mukuli u sa bindula meto, the
patient is still conscious. (2) to stir, when making beer (namala) der.
kabindu. rel. -bindulela (bindulezi) to stir beer for someone. caus. -bindulisa
(bindulisize) to help someone to stir beer.
bingana
(binganile) v.i. to be unable to stay still; to move continually (as a large
fish etc). to work under great pressure. fig. to talk ceaselessly. caus.
-binganisa (binganisize) to cause to
move; to make efforts: to perform.
-binguta
(bingutile) v.t. to collect the Litunga's share when fishing der. mubinguti,
mubingu, mubingutelo. rel. -bingutela (bingutezi) to put aside, for the Litunga.
his share of a catch of fish. caus. -bingutisa bingutisize) to order or to help
someone to take from a catch the fish intended for the Litunga.
-bipa
(bipile) v.t. (1) to let soaked grain ferment. (2) to keep food to one's self,
to keep in store for someone. rel. -bipela (bipezi) to let soaked grain ferment
for someone. inv. -bipulula (bipuluzi) to let fermented grain dry up. ref.
-lpipela (ipipezi) to let soaked grain ferment for oneself.
bipelwa
(bipezwi) v.i. to be constipated, to be flatulent, to have wind. fig. exp: U
bipezwi ki taba, he is overwhelmed by the evidence. rec. -bipelana (bipelani)
to be constipated: to be blocked (bowels) caus. -bipelisa (bipelisize) or
-bipeza (bipelize) or -bipezwa (bipelizwe) to cause flatulence.
bishopu,
(bo-) n.
bisikiti
(Ma-) n.
-bita1
v.i. Luyana. to pas syn. -fita.
-bita2
(bitile) v.t. Luyana. to throw a wrestler on the ground: U palezwi ku mu bita,
he has failed to throw him down. syn. -wisa.
bitihela
(bitihezi) v.t. to plaster with dung the stopper of a container (grain
container, beer container, etc) fig. to keep a secret: Taba ye u i bitihele mwa
pilu, please, keep this matter secret. rel. -bitihelela (bitihelezi) to ~ for
someone: U t'o ni bitihelela sifalana sa ka, come and smear my grain bin for
me. caus. -bitihelisa (bitihelisize) to help someone to ~.
-bituka
(bitukile) v.i. to be taken to, to be taken on a journey, or even to death (as
in the case of a person who has taken the 'mitu' medicine.
-bitula
(bituzi) v.t. Luyana. to take, to take with to kill fig: to take other people
to the grave when one dies (said of someone who has taken 'mitu' or 'muvenabo'
medicine: also said of a lion which does not die alone). rel. -bitulela
(bitu-lezi) to convey for someone: U ni bitulele linolo la ka, please take this
letter to the addressee for me. caus. -bitulisa (bitulisize) to help someone to
take or to carry. int. -bitulelela (bitulelezi) to take away the whole lot.
-bitulula
(bituluzi) v.t. to remove the plaster from the opening of a clay bin; to take
out the grain from the bin. fig. to reveal hidden or long-forgotten things.
rel. -bitululela (bitululezi) to ~ for someone. cause. -bitululisa
(bitululisize) to help someone to ~.
-biuka
(biukile) v.i. to change direction, to turn aside (as a canoe badly manned)
rel. -biukela (biukezi) to turn towards. caus. -biula (biuzi) or -biukisa
(biukisize) to cause to turn, to turn a canoe in a different direction.
biati,
n. pl. Luyana. straps fixing a load to a stick used to carry things on the shoulder.
syn. makulekelo.
-biza
(bizize) v.t. (1) to call: U y'o biza bo ndat'aho, go and call your father. (2)
to name: Mwanana yo mu ta mu biza mani? What name will you give this child?
der. pizo, libizo, mubizezo. rel. -bizeza (bizelize) to call for someone int.
-bizeleza (bizelelize) to call everybody. rec. hizana (bizani) to call each
other. ref. -lpiza (ipizize) as rec. rel. -ipizeza (ipizelize) to call
upon oneself: Ku loba mulao ki ku
ipizeza bumai, to break the law leads to trouble.
bo,
conj. sometimes: ibo, bul, however syn. kono. When following a noun or a
pronoun in interrogative clauses: what about: Na bo? What about me? Likomu bo?
What about the cattle?
bo,
pref. pl. (class: mu-ba): Kaufel'a mina mu y'o bulelela bo ndat'a mina ,all of
you go and tell your fathers. pref. of respect when addressing a single person:
Bo ndate. sir (my father) pref. pl. of some nouns beginning with i, na, sha,
etc: Bo imuyulu, knob-billed ducks: bo nalwange, cattle egrets; bo shakame,
rabbits.
bo,
dem. pron. sing. (class: bu-ma) 1st degree; this: Buhobe bo ki bo bunde hahulu,
this 'buhobe' is excellent.
bo,
rel. part. sing. (class: bu-ma) that, which: Butali bo bu komokisa, amazing
intelligence. Also with adj accompanying nouns of same class: Buitumelo bo
bunde, well appreciated thankfulness.
-boba
(bobile) v.i. to walk in rather deep water.
-bobonga
(bobongile) v.t. see: poponga.
-bobotoka
(bobotokile) v.i. to talk heedlessly, without reserve, (as a person mourning
the dead or after drinking to excess) rel. -bobotokela (bobotokezi) to speak at
random to someone. caus. -bobotokisa (bobotokisize) to cause to ~.
-bofa
(bofile) v.t. Sotho. to bind, to inspan: Ku bofa lipulu, to inspan oxen. der.
libofo. syn. -pana. rel. - bofela (bofezi) to inspan for. caus. -bofisa (bofisize)
to help to inspan. int. -bofelela (bofelezi) to inspan all oxen. inv. -bofolola
(bofolozi) or -bofulula (bofuluzi) to
outspan.
boi,
n. shyness, timidity, cowardice: Boi bwa hae ki bo butuna hahulu, his cowardice
is excessive.
-boloka1
(bolokile mwa mazoho, the pot has dropped from his hands. syn. -bolomoka. fig.
exp. Lilimi li ni bolokile, I made a slip of the tongue, fig. to remain (one
out of many): Bana ba hae ba felile ku shwa, ku tokwa nihaiba a li munwi ya
bolokile fateni, all his children have died, not even a single one has remained
alive.
-boloka2
(bolokile) or-booloka (boolokile) v.t. to pass by a person or a place without
stopping; to overlook, to disregard: U boolokile munzi wa bona ka ku saba
lindwa, he by-passed their village for fear of quarrels. rel. -bolokela
(bolo-kezi) to offend someone by overlooking him: S'o ni bolokezi ki sika mani?
Why did you pass me by? caus. -bolokisa (bolokisize) to cause to pass by. fig
to deprive: Ku boolokisa mutu litukelo za hae, to deprive someone of his
rights.
bololo!
interj. expressing amazement at an unusual catch (fish) or shooting (birds,
animals) syn. pyatiti! cabau! (from: bolomeka)
-bolomana
(bolomani) v.i. to sit in great numbers: Ni fumani batu ba bolomani fa Kuta, I
found a large crowd sitting in front of the Court. rel. -bolomanela
(bolomanezi) to sit at, to sit in front of someone. caus. -bolomanisa
(bolomanisize) to cause to ~.
-bolomeka
(bolomekile) v.t. to kill many at a time (fish, animals etc.): ba bolomekile
lifolofolo zen ata, they killed a lot of game. der. ka-bololo, bololo.
-bolomoka
(bolomokile) v.i. to drop from the hands, to fall inadver tently: Komoki i ni
bolomokile mwa lizoho, the cup has just fallen from my hand. syn. -boloka. fig.
to escape: U bolomokile kwa lilumo, he got through the battle unharmed. rel.
-bolomokela (bolomokezi) to drop in, at. caus. -bolomokisa (bo-lomokisize) to
let fall, to drop.
-boma1
(bomile) v.t. to smash, to kill many things at once (as by lightning); to break
many things at a time, to crush. syn. -pyata rel. -bomela (bomezi) to break
many of somebody's things. caus. -bomakisa (bomakisize) to cause to break; to
help to kill. freq. -bomaka (bomakile) to break repeatedly. int. bomakelela
(bomakelezi) to break all.
-boma2
(bomile) v.i. to remain out, not to find room, to be left over: Mutise kwanu
lico ze bomile, bring here the food left over.
Boma
(Li-) n. Swahili. District Secretary's Office. (By ext: any place where there
is such an office.)
-bomba
(bombile) vi.i. (1) to be exhausted: Lipulu li bombile, the draught oxen are
exhausted. syn. -tamba, -topwela. (2) (in the 'muba' dance) to pray the spirit
to leave the patient alone: A lu bombe ku 'muba', let us pray to the 'muba'
spirit.
bo-mbonezikai,
n. pl. dwarfs.
bomu,
n. purpose, deliberate intention usually taken as ill-meant: U ezize ka bomu,
he did it on purpose. (see: mabomu)
bona,
emph. pron. (class: mu-ba) 3rd person plural: they, them, themselves: Bona ba
fitile ka nako, they themselves arrived in time. Also emph. pron. sing (class:
bu-ma) it, itself: Bona busihu bo, on this very night.
-bona
(boni or bonile) v.t. (1) to see, to look, to behold: Ni ba boni, I saw them; u t'o bona se, come and see this;
bona, u ta holofala! Look out or you will hurt yourself. (2) to perceive, to
notice: Ni bona kuli mutu yo h 'a buleli niti, I notice that this person does
not speak the truth. (3) to find: Ni ka bona kai
-bonda
(bondile) v.t. Luyana. (1) to kill, to hang up by the neck. (2) to twist
'mashandi' roots or fibre to make string; to twist bark to make rope. (3) to
stir (porridge): Ku bonda ndima. to stir 'buhobe' der. mubondi, mubonda. cf.
-soka. rel. -bondela (bondezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -bondisa (bondisize) to
help to ~. ref. -lponda (ipondile) to
commit suicide syn. -ipulaya.
-bondakana
(bondakani) v.i. (1) to fall down (dilapidated house) (2) to be assembled in
large numbers (as mourners, birds flocking together or cattle in a garden): Ni
fumani linyunywani li bondakani mwa mulapo. I found a flock of birds grouped in
a stream.
-bondauka
(bondaukile) v.i. (1) (1) to attack someone with intention to cause harm; (2)
to work alone unassisted: U bondaukile ndu a nosi, he built the house by
himself.
-bondoka
(bondokile) v.i. to be twisted (arms, legs, etc...); to be bent (tree); to be
bent back (of limbs, especially reptiles' limbs.)
-bondola
(bondozi) v.t. to twist the arm, to wring, to wrench: U sike wa bondola mwanana
lizoho, do not twist the child's arm. fig. exp. Ku bondola litaba, to twist the
truth.
-bongana
(bongani or bonganile) v i. to be restless: U sike wa bongana, mukolo u ka
tiba, do not move about so much, you may cause the canoe to sink. der.
mubongani, sibonganyi. rel. -bonganela (bonganezi) to be restless in a place or
a position. caus. -bonganisa (bonganisize) sometimes -bonganya (bonganyize) or
-bonganyisa (bonganyisize) to cause to be restless, to cause to move or touch
everything: U sike wa bonganyisa mulilo, do not middle with the fire.
-
-bonka
(bonkile) v.i. to bellow, to roar as a lion. syn. -bona2 fig. to groan, to
mourn: Mwanana yo u bonkani? What is this child groaning for? cf. -tondoka rel.
-bonkela (bonkezi) to ~ somewhere caus. -bonkisa (bonkisize) to cause to bonoka
(bonokile) v.i. to become bare (skin); to become scratched.
bonona
(bonozi) v.t. to scratch, to peel off. der. sibonwena.
-boola
(-boozi) v.i. to sit properly, with folded legs, on mat; to squat: Mwanana yo u
ziba ku boola hande, this child knows how to sit properly.
-bopa1
(bopile) v.t. Sotho. to tie, to tighten; to inspan: Bopa mapulu, inspan the
oxen; ku bopa mbautu, to tighten a bolt. syn. -pana.
-bopa2
(bopile) v.i. to bellow as a bull ready to fight. syn. -bonka. fig. to refuse:
Yena u bopa ni sikekele se i si sa hae! He refuses even to lend someone else's
plough ! Mbonyi ya ka wa i bopisa, he refuses to give up my mealies. rec.
-bopelana (bopelani) to bellow and get prepared to fight (speaking of two
bulls).
-bopoloha
(bopolohile) v.i. to refuse obstinately, to be stubborn, unruly, impertinent.
rel. -bopolo-hela (bopolohezi) to be impertinent with regard to someone. caus.
-bopolohisa (bopolohisize) to cause stubbornness, impertinence.
-bosheka
(boshekile) v.t. to grip or clutch someone on the forearm (as when wrestling):
U sike wa ni bosheka hahulu, u ka ni loba, don't hold me so hard, you may break
my arm. der. luboshi. rec. -boshekana (boshekani) to grip each other on the
forearms. ref. -lposheka (iposhekike) fig to be able to look after oneself when
in trouble: kabe na iposheka ne ni sike na kena
mwa tolongo, if I had money, I could avoid imprisonment. inv. -iposhola
(iposhozi) to free oneself from someone's grip.
-bota
(botile) v.t. Luyana. to smear the skin with ointment. der. muboti. syn. -sasa,
-pikita.
-botana
(botani or botanile) v.i. to be poor, indigent, destitute. der. mubotana,
bubotana. syn. -
botela
or botolo (ma-) n.
-botela
(botezi) or -botelana (botelani) v.i. to alight as birds, to gather together:
Linyunywani li botezi fa sihoto sa mina, a flight of birds has alighted on your
thrashing floor.
-botoka
(botokile) v.t. (1) to go round a corner or a headland: Ki kale ba botoka
lungo, they have already gone round the headland. (2) to pass a person. (3) to
escape from danger: Ki hande se lu botokile fa lilolo la likubu, good gracious,
we have passed safely through a place full of hippos. caus. -botokisa
(botokisize) to help someone to go round, to help someone to get over some
difficulty; to pull a canoe from one place to another.
boya,
n. hair growing on the body of mammals, wool, down: Lingu li na ni boya bo
bunde, sheep grow soft curly hair. The plural maboya means pubic hair. cf.
mulili.
boyo
(bu-oyo) n. bundle of little bells which dancers wear hanging from the waist.
-boyoka
(boyokile) v.i. to escape from danger.
-boyokela
(boyokezi) v.i. (1) to sink (as someone walking on floating vegetation,
'matindi' grass), to go down (as in mud or soft ground). (2) to enter a house
after waiting outside for a moment.
-boyola
(boyozi) v.t. to detach mealie cobs from the stalk, leaving the spathe. syn.
-tobola. rel. -boyolela (boyolezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -boyolisa
(boyolisize) to help someone to ~. freq.
-boyaula (boyauzi) to ~ in many different places of the field.
boyonga
(boyongile) v.t. see: -poponga.
bu,
pref. sing. (class: bu-ma). pron. sing. subj and obj. of same class, it: Busihu
bu sile, the night is over; butanga ni bu zibile, I have known the slavery.
-bua
(buile) v.t. to strip off the hide of animals, to flay, to skin. der. mubui,
sibuiso, mubuelo, bubui. rel. -buela (buezi) to skin for someone or at a place.
caus. -buisa (buisize) to help someone to skin.
buanga,
n. infirmity, mental infirmity. (from: -angabala) see: buyanga.
buangano,
n. insanity. (from: -angabala)
buabi,
n. work of distributor (from: -aba )
bualafi,
n. profession of a doctor, of a medicine man, etc. (from: -alafa)
bualelo,
(ma-) small dyke made in streams to catch fish. (from: -yalela )
buanyisi,
n. occupation of a wet nurse. (from: anya)
buanyu,
n. accuracy (believed to be given to fishing spears by African doctors)
buapei,
n. cookery. (from: apea)
buapositola,
n.
buatamo,
n. width. (from: -atama)
buatuli,
n. profession of a judge, manner of judging. (from: -atula)
-buba1
(bubile) v.i. to flow, to run (as water or blood): Ka sa buba, to be stagnant.
der. sibuba. rel. -bubela (bubezi) to flow towards. caus. - bubisa (bubisize)
to cause to flow.
-buba2
(bubile) v.i. to dwindle, to grow less, to waste away: Mbonyi ne li yenata,
bupi bu bubile cwani? the grain was plentiful, why is it that it pounded down
to so little? der. sibubiso.
bubako,
n. thinness, poor condition in cows when not mated by a bull.
bubala,
n. hard living, penury (as of newly-arrived persons who have no gardens as yet)
-bubama
(bubami or bubamile) v.i. (1) to sit bending downwards to lie down quietly, (2)
to lie in wait, to spy, (3) to mourn (as a widow or a widower. (4) to brood or
sit on eggs as fowls, crocodiles, etc. rel. -bubamela (bubamezi) to lie in wait
for someone. caus. -bubamisa (bu-bamisize) . to cause to bend downwards.
bubamba,
n. hard-hearted or bad-tempered character (from: -bambaba )
-bubana
(bubani or bubanile) v.i. to be famous. der. kabubo, libubo. rel. -bubanela
(bubanezi) to be famous on account of: U bubanezi fa ku bulaya tau, his
reputation is due to the fact that he killed a lion. caus. -bubanisa
(bubanisize) to make famous, to cause someone to be praised.
bubangoki,
n. vicious disobedience. (from: -bangoka )
bubano,
n. fame, renown (from: -bubana) syn. butumo.
bubatana,
n. beastliness, brutality. (see: sibatana).
bubebe,
n. lightness, swiftness, facility. Also used as adjective: Mulwalo o bubebe, a
light load. adv. ka bubebe, quickly.
-bubeka
(bubekile) v.t. Sotho. to praise, to pay a compliment to. der. muipubeki.
bubeke,
col. n. grain: Bubeke bwa mbonyi, grains of maize.
bubelebele,
col. n. very small beads worn by women.
bubeli,
n. pair: Bubeli bwa bona, two of them, both. La Bubeli, Tuesday.
bubeti,
n. carpentry (from: -beta).
bubofu,
n. blindness. fig. ignorance. (from: -foufala)
bubotana,
n. poverty, penury. (from: -botana)
-bubuhana
(bubuhani) v.i. to gather together (especially of cattle)
bubuho,
n. admiration. (from: -buha)
bubui,
n. action of skinning an animal. (from -bua)
bubukeleli,
n. gathering, collecting. (from -bukelela)
bubukuli,
n. confiscation, despoliation, exploitation (from: -bukula) -bubula (bubuzi)
v.t. to glean. rel. -bubulela (bubulezi) to glean for someone. caus. -bubulisa
(bubulisize) to order or to help to glean. ref. -lpubulela (ipubulezi) to glean
for oneself.
bubulai,
n. act of killing. (from: -bulaya)
bubuleli,
n. profession of an Evangelist. (see: mubuleli)
-bubuluka
(bubulukile) v.i. to be zig-zagging. rel. -bubulukela (bubulukezi) to ~
towards. caus. -bubulukisa (bubulukisize) to cause to ~: Ku bubulukisa mukolo,
to cause a canoe to zigzag.
bubusi,
n. manner of governing. (from -busa), administration
bubusisi,
n. position of officials representing a Central Government. (from: -busa)
-bubuta
(bubutile) v.i. to grope, to feel one's way owing to darkness or blindness: Ni
likile ku bubuta kono ha ni sika fumana munyako, I searched by feeling but did
not find the door. rel. -bubutela
(bubutezi) to grope for something in darkness, to grope towards.
bubuto,
n. function of a Litunga's personal servant who sleeps at his door; member of
the Litunga's guard (see: libuto)
buca,
n.
bucabela,
n. Sotho East, Orient. (from: -caba)
bucaha,
n. youth, state of being young. (see: mucaha)
bucakala,
n. fractiousness (especially in children) (see: cakala)
bucakolwa,
n. drunkenness (see: cakolwa)
bucembele,
n. old age (from: -cembala)
bucencetwa,
n. loose living, prostitution (see: cencetwa)
bucica,
n. Sotho. roundness. (see: cica)
buci,
n. gluttony, greediness. (from: -ca )
bucwala,
(ma-) n. strong intoxicating beer made from grain.
bucwa–i,
(ma-) n. grass: Bucwa–i bo butala, green grass; bucwani bo bu omile, dry grass,
thatch.
buemba-emba,
(ma-) n. scraps, fragments, pieces.
buenyi,
n. condition of a stranger, visitor or newly-arrived resident (see: muenyi)
bufani,
n. generosity, liberality, bounteousness (from: -fa)
bufelelelo,
n. extremity, end, termination (from: -fela)
bufelelezo,
n. termination, finishing (from: -fela)
bufelo,
n. end: Zazi la bufelo. the last day (death) (from: -fela)
bufi?
inter. pron. (class: bu-ma) which, what sort? Busunso bufi? which relish? bufi
ni bufi. whichever.
bubofu,
n. blindness fig.(01 ignorance. | (see:
sibofu)
bufokoli,
n. feebleness, weakness debility, (from -fokola)
bufosi
n. mistake, error, blunder, fault (from: -fosa)
bufubelu,
n. red, redness: Bufubelu bo bunsu, crimson. (from: -fubela)
bufulo,
n. pasture, grazing ground. (from: -fula)
bufumi,
n. condition of a wealthy person. (from: -fuma)
bufumu,
n. riches, wealth. (from: -fuma)
bufuta,
n. conception (animals) cf. buhole.
bufuzana,
n. poverty, indigence, penury (see: fuzana) syn. bubotana.
-buha
(buhile) v.t. to look at, to admire, to enjoy the sight of, to stare at. der.
mubuhi, bubuho, puho. stat. -buheha (buhehile) to be admirable, beautiful syn.
-kateleha. ref. -lpuha (ipuhile) to admire oneself. syn. -invaka.
buhali,1
n. (1) anger; fierceness, severity when speaking of persons; Mutu yo u na ni
buhali, this man is quick-tempered. (2) ferocity of wild animals. (3) bravery
at war. (4) sharpness of cutting tools: Tipa ya ka i buhali, my knife has a
keen edge. (5) fierceness (as applied to fire etc...) (from: -halifa)
buhali2,
n. middle: U y'o puma nama fa buhali, cut the meat in the middle (same as:
fahali)
buhalizo,
n. relationship of a polygamist's wives. (see: muhalizo)
buhata,
n. falsehood, slander, wicked report: Mutu yo u ni bulelela buhata, this person
is telling me lies. (see: lihata)
buhato,
n. sole of the foot (from: -hata)
buhazo,
buhazu, n. numbness caused by a poisonous bite or sting; also by intense cold or fright. (from:
-hazela)
buhedeni,
N. Sotho. heathenism, paganism: Mu sike mwa tuhelela sicaba mwa buhedeni, do
not let the nation stick to its pagan ways. (see muhedeni )
buhobe,
(ma-) n. bread, porridge; the staple food of Malozi made with meal and water
only: Ku soka buhobe, to cook the porridge.
buhole,
n. (1) state of a disabled person, infirmity, chronic disease; impotency. (2)
pregnancy: Musal'a hae u fa buhole. his wife is pregnant. (see: sihole) (from:
-holofala)
buhule1,
n. distance, remoteness.
buhule2,
n. prostitution, loose living. (see: lihule)
buhulo,
n. way in which somebody grows up; education. (from: -hula)
buhulu,
n. (1) old age as in the expression: Munna-muhulu, musali-muhulu, an old man,
an old woman. (2) hierarchy, importance of office: Ngambela ufita Kalonga kwa
buhulu, the office of Ngambela is higher than that of Kalonga. (3) seniority:
Ku fita yo munwi ka buhulu, to be the older. (from: -hula)
buhulu-hulu,
adv. long ago.
buhulu-hulu,
n. ancient times: Ya buhulu-hulu, ancient, antiquated.
bui,
col. n. a number of small eggs as seen in jiggers or flies.
buifuti
or buifuto, n. state of keeping oneself from evil doings. (from: -ifuta)
buikaco,
n. pretence, self-importance. (from: -ikaca)
buikalabelo,
n. responsibility (from: -alaba )
buikangulo,
n. good health. (from: -kangula)
buikanyiso,
n. pride, forwardness, impertinence. (from: -ikanyisa)
buikatazo,
n. manner of trying one's best in all one's undertakings. (from: -kataza)
buikatumezo,
n. way of approaching. (from: -atumela)
buikebuli,
n. moulting (snakes) (from: -yebula)
buiketo,
n. well-being, comfort, good health. (from: -keta)
buikeziso,
n. Sotho. self-will, insubordination. (from -eza)
buikokobezo,
n. modesty, humility, (from: -kokobela)
buikumuso,
n. pride, excessive self-esteem, conceitedness. (from: -ikumusa )
buikungo,
n. pretension. (from: -ikunga )
buikuto,
n. personal feelings, personal thoughts. cf. maikuto. (from: -utwa )
buima,
n. weight, heaviness. By ext: pregnancy. (from: -imela) sny bukiti
buimamelo,
n. reflection on oneself, self-respect. (from: -mamela)
buimukuka,
n. carelessness. (see: namukuka)
buineelo,
n. Sotho. self-dedication, devotion to duty. (from: -ineela)
buinelo,
n. appearance, disposition, nature; style of life, attention given to somebody
or something; close observation, watching. (from: -ina)
buino,
n. place, room to dwell in. fig. rank, position: Mwa Kuta, Nduna kaufela u na
ni buino bwa hae, in the Court House every councillor has his appointed place.
(from: -ina)
buinosi,
n. (1) loneliness. (2) working single-handed. syn. bu–wi. (bunosi is also used)
buinuneko,
n. self-praise. (from: -nuneka )
buinyako,
n. self-admiration. (from: -nyaka )
buinyandisi,
n. self-imposed ill-treatment; masochism. (from: -nyanda )
buinyazo,
n. self-reproach, feeling of guilt, repentance apology (from: -nyaza )
buinyefuli,
n. manner of bringing shame upon oneself. (from: -nvefula)
buipabazo,
n. Sotho. self-admiration. (from: -babaza)
buipato
or buipati, n. (1) fact of hiding oneself. (2) hiding place. (from: -pata )
buipilezo,
n. appeal, right of appeal. (from: -ipileza )
buipo,
n. hypocrisy, pretence, self-esteem. (from: -ipa)
buipuleleli,
n. manner of talking nonsense. (from: -bulela)
buipuleli
or buipulelo, n. confession, admission of guilt: Lu utwile buipulelo bwa hae,
we have heard his confession. (from: -bulela)
buipuso.
n. self-government. (from: -busa)
buisepo.
n. self-confidence, sometimes over-confidence. (from: -sepa )
buishondi,
n. peaceful disposition, state of having no troubles with other people. (from:
-ishonda)
buiswalo,
n. self-control, self-restraint, moderation. (from: -swala)
buitamo,
n. oath, promise, engagement to do or not to do something. (from: -tama)
buitato,
n. selfishness, self-seeking. (from: lata)
buitatulo,
n. manner of excusing oneself. (from: -latula)
buitoboho,
n. self-abnegation, self-denial. (from: -toboha)
buitukiso,
n. self-preparation. (from: -lukisa)
buitumelo,
n. acknowledgement, thankfulness. (from:
-lumela)
buituti,
n. self-teaching, self-educating. (from: -luta)
buizamaeli,
n. inclination to dissolute life. (from: -zamaya)
buiziniko,
n. Toka-Leya. lack of politeness due to pride. (from: -izinika )
buka
(li-) n.
-buka
(bukile) v.t. to drive away with hand or switch: Buka linzi, drive away the
flies.
-buka2
(bukile) v.t. To commit adultery
bukabali,
n. the art of dressing well; ornateness. (from: -kaba) (formerly the Sotho word
'bukabani' was used with the additional meaning of moral beauty, honour,
uprightness which is now obsolete)
bukai?
adv. how much? Ki bukai? how much is it? Litapi li leka bukai? what is the
price of fish?
bukalanga,
n. smallpox. syn. : nacinkwa, sikalanga.
bukana,
adv. so much (referring to money) Mu mu file bukai? Ni mu file bukana, how much
did you give him? I gave him so much!
bukanko,
n. small barbs on a fishing spear. fig: tenacity as in a person not easily
overthrown. (from: -kanka )
bukaufi,
n. nearness, proximity.
bukayama,
n. deceitfuliness. (see: kayama)
bukebenga,
n. state of a person living as a scoundrel. (see: ikebenga )
-bukelela
(bukelezi) v.t. to gather, to collect, to look after, to protect der.
mubukeleli. rel. -bukelelela (bukelelezi) to gather or to collect for. caus.
-bukelelisa (bukelelisize) or-bukeleza (bukelelize) to assist in collecting or
gathering, to assist in protecting.
bukelekeshe,
n. condition of a confirmed thief or
buketalizoho,
n. fifth: La Buketali- zoho, Friday (the fifth day after Sunday)
bukima,
n. thickness, stoutness.
bukiti,
n. heaviness, weight: Saka ye i bukiti, this bag is heavy. fig: conisiderable
amount of money or wealth: Mutu yo u fa bukiti bwa
bukoba,
n. servitude, slavery sny butanga
bukoko
(ma-) n. Toka-Leya. African beer. (from: -kokola)
bukokwani,
col. n. a large number of ants, insects. (see: kokwani)
bukombwa,
n. office of a steward in the Litunga's household. (from: - kombweka)
Bukreste,
n. Eng. Christianity: H'a na bukreste mwa pilu, he is not acting in a Christian
way. (see: mukreste)
bukuba,
n. stupidity, foolishness (not to be applied to adults) (see: sikuba) (from:
-kubanyana)
bukuka,
n. Eng art of cooking, cookery, syn: buapei (see: kuka)
bukuno–u,
n. a dark reddish colour. (see: kuno–u)
-bukula
(bukuzi) v.t. to confiscate, to despoil to exploit der: libuku, mubukuli
-bukumana
(bukumani) v.i. to stand or sit motionless (as a large and frightening thing at
night)
bukupa,
n. condition of a cow when waiting a long time to be mated by a bull.
-bukusha
(bukushile) v.t. to rub in the hands (as tobacco leaves) der: mabukusha fig: to
eat out food without thought for the needs of the next day.
bukute,
n. disease of the feet causing prickling pain; rheumatism.
bukuwa,
n. where the white people live (near the railway line and good communications,
urban area (from: mukuwa, a white man): A sa li ku ya kwa bukuwa, ki peto u
yelezi, since he left for the line of rail, he never came back.
bukwala,
n. skill, cleverness: Ya na ni bukwala, skillful person (see: sikwala)
bukwankweta,
n. condition of a strong, heavily built man; physical prowess. syn: bukwenyepa
(see: sikwankweta)
bukwasha,
n. state of an unmarried person (man or woman) (see: likwasha)
bukwenuhi,
n. backsliding, apostasy. (from: -kwenuha)
bukwenyani,
n. relationship between parents-in-law and children-in-law. (Person standing in
this relation are subject to a special state of taboo) (see: mukwenyani)
bukwenyepa,
n. condition of a strong, strapping beefy man. syn: bukwankweta.
bukwetunga,
n. condition and duty of a man whose wife is of royal blood. syn. bu-Ishee
(see: mukwetunga)
-bula
(bulile) v.t. to strip or peel the bark from a tree: bula makumba, I strip some
bark rope. fig. in any contest, "ku bula makumba " means inability to
overcome one's opponent, i.e. to scratch him slightly as a man peeling bark
from a tree.
bulalu1,
n. third: La Bulalu, Wednesday (the third day after Sunday); group of three:
Bulalu bwa bona, the three of them; kalulo ya bulalu, the third part. cf. talu,
silalu.
bulalu2
(ma-) n. pus.
bulamuleli,
n. act of delivering or freeing from danger and fear. syn. bundamweti (from: -lamulela)
bulapeli,
n. religion, piety, godliness. (from: -lapela)
bulauli,
n. act or practice of divining especially by throwing bones. (from: laula)
-bulaya
(bulaile) v.t. (1) to kill, to murder, to execute: ku bulaya lifolofolo, to
kill game. (2) to break (earthen ware, etc...) der. mubulai, pulao, sibulaiso,
mubulaelo, bubulai. cf: -timeza. rel. -bulaela (bulaezi) to kill (for someone,
or in or at a place) caus. -bulaisa (bulaisize) to cause or help to kill. fig.
exp.: ku bulaisa mutu tala, to starve someone; ku bulaisa liseho, to kill with
laughter. int. -bulaelela (bu-laelezi) to kill the lot. rec. -bulayana (bulayani)
to kill each other. ref. -lpulaya (ipulaile) to commit suicide. rel. -ipulaela
(ipulaezi) to kill for oneself: U ipulaezi kaputi, he has killed a duiker for
himself. caus. fig. exp. ku ipulaisa musebezi, to kill oneself with work.
bulazibi,
n. restlessness in sleep causing inconvenience to bedfellows.
buleke,
(ma-) n. tin can, tin pail.
bulekisi,
n. occupation of a trader or a merchant. (from: lekisa)
-bulela
(bulezi) vi. to talk, to say, to speak, to declare, to mention: Ku bulela niti,
to speak the truth; ku bulela buhata, to lie. der. mubuleli, pulelo,
mubulelelo. rel. -bulelela (bulelezi) to speak to, to tell someone. caus.
-bulelisa (bulelisize) to talk to. rec -bulelisana (bulelisani) to confer with.
ref. -lpulela (ipu-lezi) to confess, to avow. int. -ipulelela (ipulelezi) to
speak without restraint.
bulembe,
n. deadly poison put on arrows.
bulena,
n. kinship, chieftainship; dignity, authority. (from: ' -lean) syn: silena
bulendele,
n. thieving. (see: lilendele) syn: busholi, bulengwami.
bulengwami,
n. thieving. (see: lilengwami. syn: busholi, bulendele.
buleta,
n. softness, smoothness, glossiness: Ku apala ze buleta, to wear fine clothes.
buliba,
n. depth applied only to water: Ku fuluha mwa buliba, to paddle in deep water.
bulibali,
n. forgetfulness. syn. mupulacima (from: -libala)
bulibeleli,
n. watchfulness, care. (from: -libelela)
bulikani,
n. friendship, companionship (between man and woman means free love) sp. exp.
Ku swala bulikani, to become intimate friends. (from: -likana)
bulikanyisi
or malikanyiso, n. manner of imitating. (from: -likanya)
bulikelelo
(ma-) n. the quarter where the sun sets; Malikelelo a lizazi, West; kwa
bulikelelo, to the West.
bulili1,
n. inner room, private part of a house, sleeping place, bedroom. (see: kalili)
bulili2,
n. fine hair.
bulilo,
n. plastering made of cattle dung and earth or cement; often refers to
flooring. (from: lila)
bulimbwe,
n. bird-lime used to catch birds. (from: -limbula)
bulimi,
n. agriculture: Musebezi wa bulimi, agricultural work (from: -lima)
bulinzi,
n. see: bulizi
bulisana,
n. work or duty of a shepherd. (from: -lisa)
bulisao,
col. n. the balls of lead filling a cartridge, shot. (see: malisao)
buliti1
n. slowness, sluggishness, unwillingness. adv. exp. ka buliti, slowly,
unwillingly.
buliti2,
n. the act of scaring birds away from gardens. (from: -lita)
buliululi,
n. (1) the act of releasing someone from slavery or bondage; the price paid for
it; atonement. (2) to take back one's property, especially land previously
loaned to someone else. (3) the deliverance of mankind from sin by Jesus
Christ; Redemption. syn. muliu (from: -liulula)
bulizi1
(ma-) n. hair of animals (also applied to the mane or tail of a certain species
as lions, buffaloes etc...); soft hair growing on the legs, arms and chest of
men. cf:. bwambo.
bulizi2,
n. the art of beating drums or playing musical instruments. sp. exp. Bucwala
bwa bulizi, beer due to drum-beaters after performance. (from: -liza)
bulo,
col. n. worms used as bait.
bulobali,
n. tendency to sleep long; sluggishness; fact of living in a dream world.
(from: -lobala)
bulobalo
(ma-) n. sleeping place, accommodation: baenui ba kupa malobalo, visitors ask
for accommodations (fa bulobalo, on the bed or sleeping mat) (from: -lobala)
bulobeli,
n. action of plundering, of spoiling, of depriving. (from: -lobela)
bulofa,
n. Eng. loafing, manner of loitering about without work. (also buloba (from:
-loba)
buloi,
n. withcraft, sorcery, spell. fig. outstanding skill in doing any particular
thing or work; magic touch in doing things. (from: -loya)
buloko1,
n. fresh dung (used in plastering). fig. a lazy person.
buloko2,
n. sleep: U fa buloko, he is asleep; ku
lobala buloko, to spend the night; ku bona lika kwa buloko, to dream. fig.
ignorance, stupidity: Mushimani yo u sa li fa buloko, this boy is still
ignorant.
buloshwe,
n. stupidity. (see: siloshwe)
bulota,
n. beeswax. fig. softness, laziness: Yo, ha si mutu ki bulota, he is no man; he
is too lazy!
buloto,
n. Shwana. wheat.
Bulozi,
n. (1) Western Province of Zambia; home of the Malozi people (The name Bulozi
(Bo-rotse) comes from the Makololo invaders and so far has been retained to
define the area ruled by the Litunga) (2) Locally, the name Bulozi is applied
to the central Barotse Plain as set apart from forest areas. cf. Liondo.
bului,
n. wealth, richness. (from: -lua)
-buluka1
(bulukile) v.t. (1) to keep, to save, to . keep in store: Mutu ya beleka u na
ni ku buluka mali, a man in regular employment ought to save money. (2) to
observe; to keep in mind: Ku buluka mulao, to observe the law. der. mubuluki,
pulukelo, sibulukelo. ret: -bulukela (bulukezi) to keep for someone. caus.
-bulukisa (bulukisize) to order or to help someone to keep. stat bulukeha
(bulukehile) that which can be easily kept. int. -bulukelela (bulukelezi) to
keep the lot. ref. -lpuluka (ipulukile) to take care of oneself, to exercise
control on oneself. rel. -ipulukela (ipulukezi) to keep for oneself.
-buluka2
(bulukile) v.i. to slip out, to escape: Mwanana u ni bulukile mwa mautu, the
child slipped out between my legs.
buluki,
n. tailoring, sewing. (from: -luka)
bulukisi,
n. the art of setting things in order, of making preparations, of mending: Ndu
ya ka i nela hahulu ha i sa na bulukisi, the roof of my house is leaking; it is
beyond repair. (from: -lukisa)
bulukuluhi,
n. right of free choice, liberty; abuse of freedom, licence. (from: -lukuluha)
bulukwe
(ma-) n. trousers.
-bulula1
(buluzi) v.t. to strip off leaves of cassava to make relish; to take off a
bracelet. caus. -bululisa (bululisize) to help to ~.
-bulula2
(buluzi) v.t. to cut teeth: Mbututu yo u tuha a bulula, this infant will soon
cut his first teeth.
-bulula3
(buluzi) v.i. to breathe upon, to blow air with the mouth. fig. exp. Ku bulula
litaba: to speak news without discretion. rel. -bululela (bululezi) to blow air
into, to inflate, to distend by blowing air into.
bululeli,
n. the art or occupation of a thatcher. (from: -lulela)
bululi,
n. target, the thing aimed at: Ku taba lisho fa bululi bwa sika, to get the
arrow to hit the target; the bearing or true direction: Ku supa fa bululi, to
point to the right direction.
bululu,
n. longing for meat or fish relish: Ku shwa bululu, to have been long without
relish of this kind syn: lilulu
-bululuha
(bululuhile) v.i. to get inflated, to swell: Ku bululuha sisete, to have a
hernia. fig. to show an angry face while remaining silent.
-buluma
(bulumile) v.i. to roar (lion, drum etc...)
buluma,
col. n. light skin eruptions mostly on the face; pimples, rashes.
bulumba,
n. (1) condition of a ghost believed to enter into living per sons causing
illness; (2) ghosts believed to be taken as slaves by witches. fig. unusual
skill and quickness in doing things: Bao ki bulumba kwa ku yaha, those people
are quick and expert builders (see: silumba)
bulumeli,
n. profession of a believer faith generally applied to Christianity. (from:
-lumela)
-bulumuka
(bulumukile) v.i. to fall into small pieces, to crumble, to be friable, to fall
(as leaves and fruit from a tree) fig. to die or leave a place in quick
succession.
-bulumuna
(bulumuzi) v.t. to break into crumbs, to cause to fall (of fruit): U sike wa
bulumuna limango ze butala, don't knock down unripe mangoes.
buluti,
n. profession of a teacher; buluti bwa Linzwi, Ministry of the Word, vocation
of a Church minister or missionary. (from: -luta)
bulutu,
n. feeling of loneliness, nostalgia.
bulwali,
n. transport, conveyance; action of carrying, work of a carrier. (from: -lwala)
bulwani,
n. inclination to fight, belligerence, aggressiveness (from: -lwana )
bulyangu,
n. thoughtlessness, foolishness (see: silyangu)
bulyo,
n. right hand side: Lizoho la bulyo, the right hand: U ni ine ku la bulyo, sit
at my right hand. cf. silyo.
-buma1
(bumile) v.i. Eng. to boom, to sound as drums: Milupa ya buma mwa Muleneni, the
drums are sounding at the Capital. syn. -lila
-buma2
(bumile) v.i. to become fully grown (with reference to people) cf. -kola.
bumai,
n. bad luck, misfortune: Ya na ni bumai, unlucky, unfortunate person. (see:
mai, nalimai, nomai)
bumameli,
n. care, carefulness, mindfulness, watchfulness. (from: -mamela
bumaswe,
n. evil, wrong, bad thing: Ku uzwa za batu ki bumaswe, it is wrong to steal
things from people.
-buma1
(bumbile) v.i. to be wrongly perforated as a wooden handle: Muhuma wa ka u
bumbile, my hoe has been wrongly perforated. caus. -bumbisa (bumbisize) to
perforate wrongly: U bumbisize muwayo wa ka, he perforated my fishing spear
wrongly.
-bumba2
(bumbile) v.i. to look healthy, to flourish.
bumba,
n. sterility in women. (see: mumba )
bumbekuma,
n. sterility in women : (see: mumba)
bumbekuma,
n. prostitution. syn. buhule, bumbengwa (from: -mbekuma)
bumbengwa,
n. prostitution, state of a loose woman. syn. buhule, bumbekuma. (see:
limbengwa)
bumbo,
n. ant-nest: Fa bumbo bwa sului, right in the nest of warrior-ants. (from:
-umba)
bumbombo,
n. condition of a wealthy person (see: mbombo)
bumbuti,
n. profession of a blacksmith. (see: mumbuti)
bumbututu,
n. babyhood. fig. carelessness in important matters: U ikeza bumbututu ka ku
hanelela lika, it is childish of him to be so stubborn. (see: mbututu)
bumbwete,
n. corpulency, stoutness. (from: -mbwetaela)
-bumeka
(bumekile) v.i. to be lucky in being given food (of a beggar): Sianga si
bumekile kacenu, the poor man has been fortunate in receiving food today.
bumenemene,
n. habit of spreading false news,
tale-bearing (see limenemene)
bumete,
n. cooked blood of an animal used as food.
bumpale,
n. ignorance, stupidity (see: mampala or mumpale)
-bumula
(bumuzi) v.t. to beat. syn. -nata. fig. to breed fat calves: Komu ya ka i
bumuzi mamani ye tuna, my cow has produced a big calf. caus: -bumulisa
(bumulisize) to cause or to help to beat. freq. -bumaula (bumauzi) to beat
repeatedly rec -bumaulana (bumaulani) to beat each other repeatedly ref
-ipumaula (ipumauzi) as rec.
bumumu,
n. dumbness, mutism (either by state or habit) (from: -muma)
bumwana,
n. childhood. (see: mwana)
bumwelwa,
n. solitude caused by the death of a parent? husband, wife or relations;
condition of someone left without relations. (see: mwelwa)
bunako,
n. punctuality. adv. exp. Ka bunako, punctually, done at the exact time (see:
nako)
bunamelo
(ma-) n. space in which each person sits or lies when gathered around the fire
or resting together on a mat: Si nameli fa bunamelo bwa ka, do not stretch your
legs over my own space. (from: -nama)
bunangu,
n. ability to learn or catch on quickly (see: nangu)
bunanu,
n. cuteness (referring to children); shrewdness (mostly applied to clever old
women). (see nalinanu)
bunata,
n. character of a strong man or of a person of outstanding ability, heroism
stoutness (see: sinata)
bunca,
n. (1) youth, early life of per sons and living things. (2) newness, freshness
(as applied to foodstuffs and things in general)
bundaa,
interj. expressing in large number of birds gathered together. idiom. exp. Ni
fumani ku li bundaa! I found birds sitting together in large numbers.
bundalabangwana,
n. vagabondage, habit of sleeping anywhere instead of returning home. (see:
ndalabangwana)
bundaleti,
n. charge given to a man to watch over birds before the yearly killing (sitaka)
(see: ndaleti)
-bundama
(bundami) v.i. to be heaped up, to be piled up: Likota li bundami, the firewood
is piled up.
-bundeka
(bundekile) v.t. to heap up, to pile up, to hoard, to treasure. der. libunda.
rel. -bundekela (bundekezi) to heap up for someone. caus. -bundekisa
(bundekisize) to order or to help someone to heap. int. -bundekelela
(bundeke-lezi) to heap everything. freq. -bundateka (bundatekile) to heap up
without measure. ref. -ipundekela (ipundekezi) to heap up for one-self.
bundamalume,
n. Luyana condition of a man living at his inlaw's village. (see: ndamalume)
syn. buyeketi.
bundambo,
n. fact of knowing things well sp. exp: Naha ye ha i na bundambo ka ku i zamaya
busihu, at night, there is no guide who can help you through this country (see:
ndambo)
bundamweti,
n. Luyana. the act of delivering or rescuing from danger, condition of someone
who delivers (from -ndamwena syn.bulamuleli.
bundau,
n. knowledge of local history and lore; ability to expose them. (see: ndau)
bunde,
n. (1) beauty: Musizana yo bunde bwa hae bwa komokisa, this girl's beauty is
astounding. (2) goodness, righteousness, virtue: Ki bunde ku amuhela baenyi, it
is a good thing to be hospitable: Ku eza bunde, to beautify; mibaso i eza bunde
mwa ndu, paint of various colours makes a fine decoration in the house.
bundee,
n. manner of shirking one's work or duty (see: ndee)
bundiala,
n. condition of an orphan or of a sole survivor; loneliness (see: ndiala)
bundiulu,
n. feeling of bereavement, grief, loneliness (see: ndiulu)
bundoli-ndoli
(ma-) n. spots (as referring to bird feather or materials): Lisila la
bundoli-ndoli, spotted material.
-bundulula
(bunduluzi) v.t. to pound for the second time. der. mubundululo. cf -lenga.
rel. -bundululela (bundululezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -bundululisa
(bundululisize) to order or to help to ~.
bundume,
n. Luyana. courage, manliness, bravery in fighting or in war (from: -ndumeba)
bunduna,
n. chieftainship. (see: nduna)
bune,
n. fourth: La Bune, Thursday (the fourth day after Sunday) bune bwa bona, four
of them, a group of four; kalulo ya bune, the fourth part
-bunga
(bungile) v.t. to gather weeds in heaps; to collect. red. -bungabunga
(bunga-bungile) to ~ hastily.
bungangalume,
n. Luyana condition of a short stout man (see singangalume)
bungangi,
n. profession of a carpenter (from: -nganga) syn. bu pangi
bungululwa,
n. crumbs: Bungululwa bwa sitina, brick rubble.
bungulunde,
n. stubbornness, unwillingness to share in community work or to carry out
orders. (from: -ngulunda)
bungulundisi,
n. manner of enticing people to disobey orders. (from: -ngulunda)
bunguya,
n. frailty in small children and animals (often after weaning): Namani ha i sa
na bunguya, the calf is no longer frail (i.e. it is full grown) (see: nguya)
bungwangwa,
n. (1) practice of thieving (referring especially to cattle stolen by someone
with no fixed abode) (2) condition of men who were believed to change
themselves into lions in order to seize cattle. (see: lingwangwa)
buniti,
n. truth, veracity; sincerity. syn. niti.
bunjambo,
n. talkativeness, chattering, blabbing.
bunjanu,
n. Luyana. greediness, gluttony, voracity. (see: njanu)
bunjebwe,
n. poverty, penury. (see: njebwe)
bunjinja
or bunjinje, n. manner of killing fish by spreading "kambeti"
(poison) in lakes and ponds. also manner in which fish die off in lakes and
ponds due to bad conditions cf. -yumbela.
-bunjuka
(bunjukile) v.i. to protrude: Ba mu tabile ka lilumo, mala a hae a bunjukile,
they stabbed him with a spear and his bowels are protruding.
-bunjula
bunjuzi) v.t. to cause protrusion.
bunkinya,
n. Lunda. as bulumba.
bunkolyo
(ma-) n. smegma accumulating under foreskin of male organ. syn: maku.
bunkume,
n. yolk of egg.
bunna,
n. male organs; manhood, virility. fig. courage. cf. sinna.
bunoi,
n. manner of defecating too near villages.
bunolo,
n. softness, lightness: Banana ba lukela lico ze bunolo, small children ought
to be given light food. fig. (1) easiness: Musebezi o bunolo, easy work. (2)
meekness: Mutu ya bunolo, a meek person. adv. exp. ka bunolo, easily; ka
bunolo-nolo, with extreme easiness. (from: -nolofala)
bunono,
n. condition of a wild cat living alone in the bush. (see: sinono)
bunopi,
n. act of picking up lost things: mali a bunopi, reward given to someone who
has found a lost thing. fig. . assistance given to un-fortunate people or to
someone who has lost his way. (from: -nopa)
bunosi,
n. loneliness. syn. buinosi.
bunsu,
n. (1) blackness, black colour: Mutu yani bunsu bwa hae inge mashala, that man
is as black as coal. (2) darkness: Malu a tahisa bunsu fafasi, clouds cause
darkness on the earth. fig. ignorance: Ku ina mwa bunsu, to live in ignorance.
(3) heaviness of mind, sadness: Bunsu bwa pilu, gloom. (from: -unsufala)
-buntutula
(buntutuzi) v.t. to discharge a great deal of excrement at one time; to have
copious mo-tions of the bowels.
bunuhi,
n. the practice of divining or predicting, guessing. Also witch-smelling.
(from: -nuha)
bunukwani,
n. Sotho. marauding, thieving; bewitching. (see: sinukwani)
bununu,
col. n. small fleas commonly found on fowls and dogs.
bunwi,
n. drunkenness (from: -nwa)
bunya,
n. slowness, sluggishness: U na ni bunya
hahulu kwa misebezi, you are very slow at your work. adv. exp. ka bunya,
slowly.
bunyambuta,
n. col. n. vermin that attack fowls.
bunyanga
(ma-) n. Mbunda. game killed when hunting; dance after successful hunt (mostly
used in plural, manyanga)
bunyazi,
n. concubinage, illicit sexual intercourse: Mwana wa mwa bunyazi, child not
born in wedlock, illegitimate child. (see: nyazi)
bunyefuli,
n. reviling, disparagement, blasphemy. (from: -nyefula)
bunyemi,
n. sulkiness, vexation, rancour. (from: -nyema)
bunyinyani,
n. smallness in quantity or quality; unimportance: Bunyinyani bwa mutu,
childhood.
bunzohoto,
n. left hand side: Lizoho la bunzohoto, the left hand; kwa bunzohoto, to the
left. syn. sinzohoto.
bu–aka,
n. profession of a doctor or medicine man. (see: –aka)
bunala,
n. stubborness, restiveness (especially in cattle unwilling to be milked or
tied up) (from: nala)
buinaneli,
n. persistence (especially in continuing any course against opposition); to
push on regardless of advice, obstinacy, (from: -na–a)
bunata,
n. (1) quantity, great number, plenty: U ba fe sico ka bunata, give them plenty
of food. (2) crowd: Bunata bwa batu ne ba li teni, a large crowd was there.
bunanya,
n. freshness of meat or fish'
bunete,
n. (1) condition of an alien; (in Western Province: ignorance of local customs
and etiquette! (see: munete) (2) lands surrounding Western Province and
considered as more primitive.
bununda,
n. outstanding skill in singing, dancing
and carving.
bu–wanyama,
n. greediness coupled with disregard for the wants of others; stinginess. (see:
nwanyama) syn. butimani.
bu–wi,
n. oneness, unity; singleness, uniqueness: Ku ina ka bunwi ha ku tusi se sinwi,
living alone is not good for anyone.
buozwa,
n. Sotho. fornication, loose living (especially on the part of a man) syn.
buhule. (see: siozwa)
-bupa1
(bupile) v.t. to mould, to shape (as referring to clay work): Ku bupa lipiza,
to make clay pots; ku bupa sitina, to make brick; to create: Kwa simuluho
Mulimu n'a bupile lihalimu ni lifasi, in the beginning God created the heaven
and the earth. der. mubupi, sibupiwa, pupo, mubupelo. rel. -bupela (bupezi) to
shape for. caus. -bupisa (bupisize) to order or to help someone to shape. int.
-bupelela (bupelezi) to complete shaping. ref. -lpupela (ipupezi) to create or
shape for oneself: Nyambe n'a ipupezi Kamunu, Nyambe (God) created Kamunu for
himself.
-bupa2
(bupile) v.t. to surround in great numbers in order to beat someone. cf.
-bupelela.
bupahamo,
n. height. (from: -pahama)
bupaki,
n. testimony, witnessing, proof, evidence: Ni fe linolo la hao la bupaki, give
me your testimonial; ku fa bupaki, to give evidence. (from -paka )
bupala,
n. Sotho. width, breadth: Lyambai i na ni bupala, the Zambezi river is wide.
bupalelwi,
n. hardship; powerlessness. (from: -palelwa)
bupama
(bupami) v.i. to be lean, thin, emaciated (from hunger); illness or old age:
Mucembele yani u bupami maswe, that old
person looks like a skeleton.
bupangi,
n. carpentry (from: -panga)
bupapati,
n. flatness or flat side of anything. (from: -papata)
bupelela
(bupelezi) v.i. to gather in large number (as insects); to surround in great
numbers: Batu bani ba bupelezi mutu ya lekisa litapi, those people are
surrounding a man selling fish.
bupelemeki,
n. cheating, deceiving. (from: -pelemeka)
bupendi,
n. (1) manner or art of painting (house-painting) (2) manner or art of
vaccinating, of inoculating. (from: -penda) '
bupi
(ma-) n. meal, flour: Hakuna bupi bwa mbonyi kacenu, there is no mealie meal
today; bupi bwa likota, sawdust.
bupilo,
n. (1) life, life-time: Bupilo bwa hae neili bo be kuswani fela, he had only a
short life. Mun'a Bupilo, the Guardian or Master of life, God. Bupilo bwa kwa
pili, the after-life, the life to come. (2) well-being, health: Lu buza bupilo
bwa mina? We enquire about your health? (3) manner of life: Ku uzwa kwa hae ha
ku konahali, ki bupilo bwa hae, he cannot help his stealing, it is his way of
life. (4) sex organs: Ku kula kwa bupilo, to suffer from venereal disease.
(from: -pila) or to have a disease that affects private parts, to have a sore
on or near the several organs.
bupokola,
n. military service; police (from: -pokola)
bupolofita,
n. Eng. prophecy. (from: -polofita )
bupoti,
n. action or habit of visiting. (from: -pota)
bupuku-puku,
n. manner of a churl, of a boar. (see: sipukupuku)
bupulumuki,
n. insanity, madness. Also applied to rabies in animals. (from: -pulumuka)
bupumi,
n. cheating, deceiving: U ni putelezi ka bupumi, he took me in by his deceit.
(from: -puma)
bupuzwa,
n. grey colour; light blue truning to grey.
bupyeha,
n. cowardice, fear. (see: lipyeha)
-busa
(busize) v.t. to reign, to govern, to rule: Mulena-yoMuhulu u busa lifasi la
Bulozi, the Litunga governs Western Province der. mubusi, mubusisi, puso,
mubusezo, mubuso. rel. -buseza (buselize) to govern for. caus. -busisa
(busisize) to help to govern. int. -buseleza (buselelize) to govern for ever.
ref. -lpusa (ipusize) to govern oneself, to enjoy self-governing.
busa,
abbrev. for: Busihu ha busa when the night is over; dawn: Habusa, the next
morning. sp. exp.: Be li ka sa, hopelessness. Bu li ka sa mwa ni foseza, you
offend me daily (without mending your ways).
busabelo
(ma-) n. safety, security, protection: Mwa lapa la Natamoyo ki mwa busabelo, at
the Chief Natamoyo's place one can find refuge. syn. sisabelo. (from: -saba)
busafa,
n. carelessness, negligence; inaccuracy.
busali,
n. womanhood; character or qualities of a woman; female organs. syn. sisali.
busatambi,
n. Toka-Leya. condition of a deaf-mute. (see: satambi)
busawana,
n. falsehood, slander, tale-bearing. syn. buhata. (from: -sawana )
buse,
n. side (of river, lake, forest, village, hut, etc...) used with 'bo' and
'bwani': Buse bo bwa nuka, this side of the river; base bwani, the other side.
busepahali,
n. faithfulness, truthfulness, honesty, reliability. (from: - sepa)
busepehi,
n. as busepahali. (from: -sepa)
buseta,
n. greyness (caused by dirt, ill-health or lack of ointment). fig. poverty,
destitution.
-busha
(bushile) or bushize) v.t. to go in the wrong direction, to take the wrong turn
or miss the road, etc...: Ba bushize nzila, they missed the road. fig. to miss
the point (in a discussion) rec. bushana (bushani) to miss each other taking
different paths. syn. -shelana)
bushaa'
n. area in a river where small rocks are visible above the water. (from: -shaa)
bushamba
(ma-) n. small skins or reed kilt as worn by African dancers. (Also applied to
any worn out kilt, rags, etc...)
bushekanu,
n. Luyana. infirmity exposing someone to laughter. (from: -sheka)
bushiko,
n. Luyana. blessing, good fortune, favour. der. noshiko, kashiko, place or
village where there is good fortune.)
busholi,
n. (1) thieving: Busholi bu atiswa ki tala, thieving is fostered by hunger. (2)
greediness, state of someone who does not want to eat with other people. fig.
breaking of the law (often used in connection with adultery)
bushwana,
n. heritage; succession. (from: -shwana)
bushwatale,
n. living alone, keeping apart: Mutu yo u pila ka bushwatale, this person does
not mix with other people. (from: -shwateka)
busia,
n. width: Busia bwa mukolo, width of a canoe.
busifa,
n. Toka-Leya. slandering: Ku ca mutu
busifa, to slander someone with evil intend.
busihali,
n. what pertains to the female sex in animals. (see: sihali)
busihu
(ma-) n. night: Fahali a busihu bo butuna, in the middle of the night; busihu
bwa kacenu, last night; ki busihu, it is night (also used as a greeting: good
night)
busili,
n. act of grinding tobacco; reward given for grinding tobacco. (from: -sila)
busimba1,
n. bad luck: Mutu yo u na ni busimba, nih'a ka ya kwa ku waya ni ba banwi h'a
tabi se si–wi, this man is unlucky because if he goes fishing with other
people, he does not spear any fish. (see: sisimba)
busimba2,
n. state of singing out of tune cf. malundu.
businyehi,
n. damage (material or moral): Ku kelusa mutu mwa nzila ye nde, ki businyehi,
to corrupt a person is to damage his character. (from: -sinya)
businyi,
n. act causing damage. (from: -sinya)
busipa,
col. n. skins of wild cats or other small animals worn as a kilt especially by
dancers. (see: sipa)
busisani,
n. thinness (for people and things in general ... and also of foodstuffs and
liquids): Busisani bwa musizana yo bwa mu swanela, the slimness of this girl is
very becoming; mu pazule mabala ka busisani, saw the log into thin planks.
(see: sisani)
busisini,
n. gums: Butuku bwa busisini, scurvy.
busiti,
n. act of pounding grain; reward given for pounding grain. (from: -sita)
busizana,
n. girlhood, maidenhood. (see: musizana)
busole,
n. Sotho. soldiering, military training. (see: lisole)
busomi,
n. mockery, making sport of, treating with derision; making love to someone out
of wedlock. (from: -soma)
busula,
a. lacking taste, staleness: Busunso bo bu busula, this relish is tasteless.
fig. exp: Litaba za hae li busula, his report or evidence is without interest.
busule–i,
adv. without discrimination; Mutu yo u icela busuleni, this man eats any kind
of food without discrimination, ku ipulelela busule–i, to speak without restraint, to blab.
busungu,
n. poison which gets into the body through a bite or sting.
busunso
(ma-) n. relish, tasty sauce with which 'buhobe' is eaten. (Usually applies to
meat, fish, vegetables and thick milk) (from: -sunsa) busupali, n. old age,
advance age. (from: -supala)
bususu,
n. deafness. (see: susu) buswa, n. (1) wealth, property, state: Ku ca buswa bwa
lifasi. to enjoy the good things of the world; (2) inheritance, portion: U cile
buswa bwa ndat'ahe, he has come into his father's estate. sun. lifa.
buswaeli,
n. act of stabbing and killing an animal already wounded; reward requested for
the same. (from: -swaela).
buswenyi,
n. cruelty. (from: - swenya),
busweu,
n. whiteness. (see: sweu),
buta,
n. bow; ya kunupa ka buta, bowman, archer.
-buta1
(butile) v.i. (1) to lie down or crouch like cattle. der. libutelo. inv.
-butuluha (butuluhile) to rise, to get up; to grow rapidly. syn. -buyumuka.
fig. (1) to run head down like someone crouching (especially in a chace) (2) to
crouch at the Chiefs door and keep guard
during the night watches der. libuto.
-buta2
(butile) e.i. to be dense: Likota li butile mwa mushitu, trees are very dense
in the forest.
butaipi,
n. Eng. typing, typewriting. (from: -taipa )
butaka,
n. companionship. syn. sitaka. (see: taka)
butakwa,
n. drunkenness. (from: -takwa )
butala,
n. (1) greenness. green colour: butala bwa matali, the greenness of leaves; (2)
rawness, unripeness: Miselo mwa mushitu i sa li butala, the wild fruit in the
forest is still unripe.
butale,
n. iron ore or any kind of ore
butali,
n. (1) intelligence, brains, wisdom: Mushimani yo u butali, this boy is
intelligent; (2) cleverness in getting out of trouble: U ezize ka butali, he
acted cunningly; (3) trick used to get people into trouble. syn. maseme,.(from:
-talifa)
butalifi,
n. knowledge, acquired wisdom. (from: -talifa)
butanga,
n. servitude, domestic slavery: Butanga bu felisizwe mwa Bulozi ka 1906,
slavery in Western Province was abolished in 1906 (see: mutanga) sny bukoba
butangana,
n. state of being young, adolescence. (see: mutangana)
butanu,
n. fifth: la Butanu, Friday (the fifth day after Sunday); kalulo ya butanu, the
fifth part.
butanya,
n. foolishness; wildness coupled with obstinacy; restiveness in animals: Pizi
ye butanya, stubborn horse. (from: -tanya)
butapali,
n. habit of touching everything: meddling; impertinence (common in ill-mannered
children) (from: -tapala)
butasi,
n. the lower part of anything, bottom.
butata,
n. hardship, difficulty, hard life.
butelele,
n. length: Butelele bwa nzila, length of the road; distance; height of persons,
trees or buildings. adv. exp. Ka butelele, lengthwise, upwards.
butelisi,
n. work of a tax collector. (from: -tela)
butete,
n. flat land covered with flood water where canoes can take short cuts across
grassy patches. syn. sitete.
butibo,
n. depth (especially deepness of water in lakes and rivers) (from: -tiba )
buticele,
n. Eng. profession of a teacher.
butikitibi,
n. Eng. profession of a detective.
butimani,
n. avarice, stinginess. (from: -tima)
butimbi,
n. singing out of tune. fig. state of being slow to learn. syn. busimba. (see:
sitimbi)
butobi,
n. act of running away unseen: deserting, taking French leave. (from: -toba)
butokwa,
n. scarcity, hence of great price or worth: Lico ki za butokwa unumwaha, food
is scarce this year; gauda ki nto ya butokwa, gold is a precious thing (from:
-tokwa)
butokwi,
n. need, indigence, want: Ku pila ka butokwi bwa lika ku tata, it is hard to be
destitute. (from: -tokwa)
butola,
n. incest, act contrary to the traditional code of behaviour. (from: -tola)
butoloki,
n. profession of an interpreter. (from: -toloka)
butompehi,
n. honourableness, respectfulness. (from: -tompa)
butongwe,
n. children's game (tag).
butoto,
n. ignorance, stupidity: U sike wa ba butoto cwalo, don't be so stupid. (see:
sitoto)
butu,
n. humanity; the nature peculiar to human beings, also the respect due to them.
(see: mutu)
butuku
(ma-) n. (1) illness: Butuku bw'a kula ki bo butuna, his illness is very
serious. (fig. weakness, besetting sin: Ku uzwa ki butuku bwa hae, stealing is
his weak point). (2) pain: Ni utwa butuku mwa toho, I have a headache. (3)
grief, sympathy. sp. exp. Ni utwa butuku hamoho ni mina, I grieve with you. Ku
utwela mutu butuku, to have pity on someone, to sympathise. Ku utwisa butuku,
to cause pain, to harm.
butuli,
n. profession of a blacksmith (from" -tula)
butulisi,
n. act of manuring, possibility of being manured: Simu ye ha i na butulisi
bakeni sa sikela, this garden cannot be manured for its soil is brackish.
(from: -tulisa)
butulungundu
(ma-) n. rough place where ground is uneven or full of small ant-heaps and
where travel is difficult.
butumo,
n. reputation (good or bad), fame, renown. (from: -tuma)
butumuka
(butumukile) v.i. to be startled, to feel astonishment or alarm, to be stirred
up by some unexpected thing. caus. -butumusa (butumusize) to startle, to amaze
or alarm; to stir up.
butuna,
n. greatness, importance; superiority: Taba ye ni i bona butuna, ha ni koni ku
i atula ni li nosi, this case seems to me to be so important that I cannot
judge it alone.
butungi,
n. depth in general. (from: -tunga )
butunu,
n. scrapings from raw skins; (Butunu bwa komu bwa ciwa, scrap ings from cattle
skins are edible); lisila la butunu, flanel.
bututi,
n. work of a man filtering beer; reward for doing this work (from: -tuta)
butwa,
col. n. white ants: Butwa bu cile libuka za ka, white ants have destroyed my
books.
-butwela
(butwezi) v.t. to pare the butt-end of a shaft after the spearhead or blade has
been inserted. rel. -butwelela (butwelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -butwelisa
(butwelisize) to help someone to ~.
butwela,
n. the work or condition of a spy. (from: -twela)
-buuka1
(buukile) v.i. to make room, to stand aside, to turn away (applied to a number
of people standing together). rel. -buukela (buukezi) to stand aside for:
Mulena ki yo, mu buukele neku li li linwi, here comes the Litunga, everybody
stand to one side. caus. -buukisa (buukisize) or -buula (buuzi) to order to make
room, to stand aside.
-buuka2
(buukile) v.i. to deviate. caus. -buukisa (buukisize) or-buula (buuzi) to cause
to deviate pass -buulwa (buuswi): Mukolo wa mina u buulwa ki moya, your canoe
is deviating owing to the wind. (When applied to the sandy banks of a river,
'-buuka' means to be damaged by flood water, to fall off).
-buumana
(buumani or buumanine) vi.i. to appear large from a distance or in darkness: Se
si buumani fani ki sika mani? what is the large thing we see over there?
buuzwi,
n. the act of thieving. syn. busholi. (from: -uzwa)
-buwa
(buwile) or bua (buile) v.t. to flay, to skin.
buwelekeshe,
n. a mass of small things taken together (as small gravel, fish bones, beads etc...)
buweta,
n. Eng. profession of a waiter (from: -weta)
buyahi,
n. work, profession of a builder, brick-layer etc...(from: -yaha)
buyalo,
n. reed-mat spread before the canopy in a canoe or a barge as a protection
against water. (from: -yala)
buyaka-yaka,
n. insanity, madness. (see: siyaka-yaka)
buyambi,
n. work, profession of a fisherman. (from: -yamba)
buyanga,
n. bodily or mental infirmity. (from: -angabala)
buyeketi,
n. condition of a man living at his in-law's village: Ku yaha buyeketi. syn.
bundamalume.
buyela
(buyezi) v.i. to breathe, to draw breath. fig. to come out of trouble: Cwale u
ka buyela kakuli u lukuluzwi mwa taba ya pulao, he can breathe again now that
he has been declared innocent in a case. der. puyelo, mubuyelelo. rel.
-buyelela (buyelisize) to breathe upon somone. caus: -buyelisa (buyelisize) to
help to ~ : N'a s'a shwile, kono ya sa mu buyelisa cwana ki dokota, he was
almost dead and it is thanks to the doctor that he is still alive (breathing)
freq: - buyaela (buyaezi) to breathe rapidly through illness or fear.
-buyaeta
(buyaetite or buyaetile) v.i. to take or recover one's breath; to rest.
buyana
(buyani or buyanile) v.i. to breathe hard (especially through fear). to pant
caus: -buyanisa (buyanisize) to cause to ~.
buyembuluki,
n. condition of a person subject to frequent changes of opinion, easily persuaded,
pliable and often self-contradictory, fickleness (from: -yem buluka )
buyi,
col. n. several jiggers, several fleas (also: bui)
-buyumuka1
(buyumukile) v.i. to smell bad (of a decaying body)
-buyumuka2
(buyumukile) v.i. to grow rapidly. cf. -buta. inv -butuluha (butuluhile) to
grow very slowly.
-buyunga
(buyungile) v.t. to eat greedily, referring to cattle or persons: Likomu li
buyungile mbonyi ya ka kaufela mwa simu, cattle have eaten up all my mealie
crop. der. mubuyungi. rel.: -buyungela (buyungezi) to devour someone's food.
caus. buyungisa (buyungisize) to cause to eat much or to join someone in eating
greedily. int. buyungelela (buyungelezi) to eat up everything.
buyuyu,
n. pulp of certain fruits or vegetables (pumpkins, vegetable marrows etc...)
-buza
(buzize) v.t. to question, to inquire, to ask about: U buza bakeni sa simu ya
ndat'ahe, he is inquiring about his father's garden. der. mubuzi, puzo,
mubuzezo. rel: -buzeza (buzelize) to inquire on someone's behalf. caus. -buzisa
(buzisize) to cause to inquire. int. -buzeleza (buzelelize) to make full
inquiries. caus. -buzisisa (buzisisize) to inquire carefully. rec. -buzana
(buzani or buzisisize) to inquire carefully. rec. -buzana (buzani or buzanile)
to question each other, to inquire one of another. freq. -buzanga to have the
habit of ~. red. -buzabuza (buzabuzize)
to make a bit of inquiry. ref. -lpuza (ipuzize) to ask oneself, to wonder; also
as rec.
buzamaisi,
n. leadership. (from: -zamaya)
buzangunda,
n. inclination to disso lute life. (see: lizangunda) cf. buizamaeli.
buzibelo
(ma-) n. distinctive mark (as tatoo marks, spots, carved stripes on wooden
objects, etc...) (from: -ziba)
buzike
n. Toka-Leya. slavery, bondage. syn. butanga.
buzikinyani,
n. tickling, titillation; pricking under the skin as pins and needles; pricking
to the taste. (from: tikinya)
buzingwa,
n. stupidity, foolishness. (from: -singa) syn. buzizi.
buzizi,
n. stupidity, foolishness. (see: sizizi) syn. buzingwa.
buzumi,
n. hunting. (from: -zuma)
buzumo,
n. hunting game: sibaka se ha si na buzumo, there is not much game is this
area. (from: -zuma)
buzwa,
n. (1) laziness, idleness, lack of energy: Mushimani yo u buzwa, this boy is
lazy. (2) bluntness of tools: Silepe sa ka si buzwa, my axe is blunt.
buzwa
(buzwize) v.i. (1) to grow ripe, to mature: Lico se li buzwa, the crops are
already ripening. fig. completeness, perfection: Musizana yo u buzwize, this
girl is fully developed. (2) to be well cooked, roasted: Busunso bu buzwize,
the relish is ready to be dished up. (3) to become fermented: Bucwala bu tuha
bu buzwa, the beer will soon be fermented. (4) to be suppurating (as an
abcess). caus: -buzwisa (buzwisize) to give time to ripen.
buzwafi,
n. manner of getting disheartened; unconcerned, apathetic. (from: -zwafa)
buzwafisi,
n. manner of disheartening other people. (from: -zwafa)
bwalango,
n. bark rope, network of a bier supporting the body placed on it. Also cross
pieces forming the bottom of a grain-bin, or mat of tied-up sticks used as mattress or a rough
bedstead.
bwalelo
(ma-) n. dyke built of mud including gaps where fish-traps can be set. (from.
-yalela)
bwali1,
n. decaying fish made into stew or pap.
bwali2,
n. disease which produces a swelling of the body.
bwalyanjo,
n. (1) puberty (condition of a girl between her first menstruation and the end
of the period of seclusion during which she is initiated into womanhood) (2)
cocoon.
bwambo,
n. soft hair growing on the legs, arms and chest of men. cf. bulizi1
bwanana,
n. childhood: Ne li yo munde kwa bwanana bwa hae, in his childhood he was a
good boy; childishness: Mutu ha sa hulile u lukela ku tuhela za bwanana, an
adult must put away childish things.
bwanda,
n. Cotton strings or wool
bwandilala,
n. small dry sticks used to kindle fire. dim: twandilala.
-bwanga-bwanga
(bwanga-bwangile ) v.t. to eat food greedily regardless of others; to take too
large a share of things given, leaving little or nothing for others. cf.
-lobela. rel: bwanga-bwangela ( bwanga-bwangezi) to take someone's food or
property away; to take a share for someone's else: Ngulu yani na i
bwanga-bwangela mwan'a hae, she took that share of sweet potatoes for her child
caus: -bwanga-bwangisa (bwanga-bwangisize) to cause to ~.
bwanyu,
n. see: buanyu.
bwatamo,
n. see: buatamo.
-bweza-bweza
(bweza-bwezize) v.t. to look for. syn. -bata. bwi or wi, excl. expressing
darkness: Mubu u li bwi, very black soil. Mutu ya li bwi! a dark-skinned
person.
bwifuto,
see: buifuto or buifuti.
bwindi,
col. n. pack of wild-dogs. fig. flock of small children: Ha ni lati bwindi bwa
hao ku t'o bapalelanga mwa licalo za ka, I do not like your many children to
play in my garden.
bwiziniko,
n. Toka-Leya. pride, selfconceit. (from: -izinika)
bya,
pron. subj. pl. (class: si-bi) used when the verb has no object or has a simple
pronoun as object: they: Bindu bya wa, the dilapidated houses are collapsing.
bya,
pos. part. pl. (class: si-bi) Binja bya hae bi bulaile kaze, his bad dogs have
killed a cat.
byale,
dem. pron. pl. (class: si-bi) 4th degree; those (far away) Binyunywani byale bi
maswe, those birds over there are ugly.
-byama
(byamile) v.i. see: -biama.
-byana
(byanile) v.to. Luyana. to pass someone without meeting him; to accomplish
something before one's neighbour. syn. -laka) rec. -byanana (byanani or
byananile) to miss each other taking different paths. syn. -shelana caus.
-byananisa (byananisize) to cause someone to pass without meeting a person.
byani,
dem. pron. pl. (class: si-bi) 3rd degree; those (at some distance): biseme
byani bi lekilwe ki mani? by whom have those mats of bad quality been bought?
-byanga
(byangile) v.t. (1) to pick fruit or maize cobs here and there. (2) to forage;
to scratch about for food (fowls) der. mubyangi. fig. to gather people from
different places: Kapasu u byangile banna mwa minzi ka y'o fuluha, the Court
messenger has gathered men from all villages to man a paddle barge. rel.
-byangela (byangezi) to pick for
someone. caus. -byangisa (byangisize) or -byangulisa (byangulisize) to order or
to help to pick. int. -byangelela (byangelezi) to gather all that is left after
harvest. red. -byanga-byanga (byanga-byangile) to pick up a few maize ears in
one's garden. ref. -lpyanga (ipyangile) to look for food to stop one's hunger,
to fend for oneself. rel. -ipyangela (ipyangezi) same meaning as ipyanga.
-byangula
(byanguzi) v.t. (1) to remove, to brush off: Byangula kokwani yeo, brush off
that insect. (2) to snatch: U ni byanguzi potoloto ya ka, he has snatched my
pencil. rel. -byangulela (byangulezi) to snatch for someone. caus. -byangulisa
(byangulisize) to help to remove or to snatch. req.-byangaula (byangauzi) to
snatch from everybody, or again and again; to push in (as in a queue): U sike
wa byangaula batu mwa mukoloko, do not push in to the queue; to push one's way
through a crowd.
bye,
dem. pron. pl. (class: si-bi) 1st degree; these: Bikeke bye se bi supezi, these
bad dishes are nearly out of use.
-byobyola
(byobyozi) v.i. (1) to whistle. (2) to speak foreign languages fluently: U
byobyola hande sikuwa, he speaks English fluently. Also used in reference to
'lingongole's whistle (mythical snake-like monster believed to inhabit the
Zambezi River)
-byokoka
(byokokile) v.i. to be drawn back (foreskin) anat
-byokola
(byokozi) v.t. to draw back (foreskin) (anat) syn. -shununa.
-byotola
(byotozi) v.t. to take by force.
<div>C
C,
c, Has the sound of the italian C which is generally like 'ch' in 'Church,' and
sometimes like 'j' in 'jam'.
ca1
(cite) v.i. (1) to be burning: Mulilo u ca mwa libala, the fire is burning on
the flats. (2) to get burnt or scorched: Tokomela mulilo, u ka ca! watch the
fire or you may get burnt; ka ca /izazi, to become sun-burnt. (3) to be de:
strayed: Munzi was Sililo u cite basihu, Sililo's village was destroyed by fire
last night. (4) to get hot: Mezia cile. the water is boiling hot; Sipiya mina i
cite, your soldering-iron is red-hot. (5) to suffer from leprosy: Ngetengete u
cite mulilo wa Nyambe, so-and-so is covered with leprosy spots (looking like
burns). der. mucisi.. rel. pass -celwa (cezwi) to have one's property destroyed
by fire: Bo Nyambe ba cezwi ki ndu ya bona maabani, Nyambe had his house
destroyed by fire yesterday. caus. cisa (cisize) (1) to burn, to scorch: Mu yoo
cisa bucwai7i bo be sheuzwi go and burn the weeds. (2) to cauterize, to brand:
Komu ye to lekile mu yoo i cisa nombolo, go and brand the newly-bought cow. (3)
to press or iron clothing: Ni ka cisa papa ya ka kamuso, I will press my suit
to-morrow. -cisa is also used as adj: Mezi a cisa. hot water. ret ciseza
(ciselize) to upset, to harm someone by burning his property: sƒpulumuki si
ciselize bate mandu a bona, a mad man has burnt their houses int. -ciseleza
(ciselelize) to burn all, to consume. fig. to exaggerate or exceed the truth:
Ku cise leza taba, to speak too much,
excceding the truth. stat -ciseha (cisehile) (1) to be well pressed; (2) to be
completely burnt (as grass on the flats). fig to be zealous (Sotho. Rarely used
now). ref-icisa (icisize) to burn oneself; -iciseza (iciselize) to be
responsible for the burning of one's property int. celela (celezi) to become
completely burnt.
ca2
(cite) v.t. (1) to eat: Ku ca behove ni nama, to eat buXobe with meat. sp.
exp.: Ku ca ka lamba fafarri, to satisfy completely one's hunger. (2) to rust,
to corrode: Sipi ye i cite mafumi, this bit of iron has gone rusty. (3) to
embezzle, to appropriate by fraud: Ngete-ngete u cite maxi a ka. so-and-so
embezzled my money. (4) to inherit or succeed to a title: Mweli wa ka u ka ca
panda sa ka, my first-born son will inherit my property. (5) to spend any
length of time: Ucile lisunda ze peli mwa Libingi, he spent two weeks in
Livingstone. (6) to attend: Ku ca mukiti, to be present at a party. (7) to
catch out: Taba i ka mu ca, the evidence will catch him out. (8) to bury (with
special reference to the man who stands in the grave to reccive the corpse).
(9) to have relations with a woman. der. muci, micomibi, siciso, sicelo,
mucelo. pass. -ciwa (cilwe) to be edible: Mubula wa ciwa, the fruit of the
mabula trce is edible; to be eaten: Komu ya ka i cilwe ki tag my cow has been
eaten by a lion. fig. to suffer from: Ku ciwa pi ndEulu. to suffer from
nostalgia, ka ciwa ki lizwalo, to be stung by con science: u ciwa kini? what ails you? rel.
-cela (cezi) ka cela mute sa hae, to appropriate somebody's food, money or
property: to charge an unfair price. caus. -cisa (cisize) to help someone to
eat (as a patient or a child): Ni sa cisa mwanana, I am still helping the child
with his food. sp. exp. Lizoho le li cisa, the right hand (lit. the hand that
takes food to the mouth): ka cisa likomu mwa simu va mute, to let the cattle
wander into somebody's garden: ka cisa bats Sunda, to conduct a Church Service:
ka visa bate makande, to give people the news, to relate recent events. ret
-ciseza (ciselize) to assist someone in giving food to a child or a sick
person. int. -celela (celezi) to finish all the f-od. stat. -ceha (cehile) to
be palatable: Nama ye ya ceXa hande, this meat is pleasing to the taste.
caa
! interj. used to scare away birds.
-caba
(cabile) v.i. Sotho to rise (the sun) der. bucabela.
-caba-caba
(caba-cabile) v.i. to skip joyfully, to hop, to jump about. syn.
-shamba-shamba.
cabanombe
(bo-) n. yellow-billed oxpecker (bird)
cabelela
(cabelezi) v.t. to add in great quantity: Ku cabelela likota kwa pi a to put
plenty of firewood under a pot: ka cabelela misisi, to wear a number of skirts
one on top of another as in the Silozi fashion. cf. -cakela; ka cahelela
litaba, to talk a lot! adding argument upon argument caus. -cabelelisa
(cabelelisize) (likota) to help or to order someone to add fuel to the fire
(also rig to stir up the argument).
-cabuka
(cabukile) v.i. to sit on the ground (as a number of people resting after work
or cattle lying down after grazing):
Nifumani babeleki ba cabukile mwa kota, I found the labourers resting under a
tree; to lie on the ground in large number (as birds).
-cabula
(cabuzi) v.t. (1) to kill in large numbers (birds or game during a hunting
party on the flats) (lisuloJ. (2) to leave things lying here and there without
order: Mu sike mwa cabula litino za mica fafasi, do not leave your clothes
lying about on the ground.
cabuu'
! interj. expressing a great number of people, animals. birds or things lying
about.
cabuu2
! interj. expressing amazement before an unusual catch (fish) or shooting
(birds, game etc . . .) syn. bololo! pyatitii!
-cacalana
(cacalani or cacalanile) v.i. to make a fuss over trifles like a child; to cry
after being beaten. (also: -cacilikana or cacalakana) caus. -cacalanisa
(cacalanisize) to cause a child to fuss or cry.
-cacameza
(cacamelize) v.t. to make a canoe glide swiftly (as children racing canoes in
flood water).
-cacuka
(cacukile) v.i. to break out severely in spots or sores (as skin diseases).
pass. -cacukiwa (cacukilwe) to develop a skin rash: Mwanana yo u cacukilwe ki
muukwaukwani, this child has developed a skin rash due to measles.
-caela1
(caezi) v.t. to drive a span of oxen. der. mucaeli. rel. -caelela (caelezi) to
drive for someone. caus. -caelisa (caelisize) to order or to help someone to
drive.
-caela2
(caezi) v.i. to finish work (paid work). rel. -caelela (caelezi) to cease work
and go to a certain place: Kacenu ni caelezi kwa mantolo, ni palezwi ka ya kwa
hae, today I did not go home at lunch
time, I just went to the stores after work. caus. -caelisa (caelisize) to order
or to give the signal to stop work. int. -caelelela (caekelezi) to finish work
for week-ends or holidays. inv. cauluka (caulukile) to return to work after the
lunch break.
cai-cai!
interj. expressing stubbornness. (as cakanga!)
caka-mukata,
n. children's game consisting of hopping on one leg. sp. exp. Ku yemisa mote
cakamukata, to give someone no time for rest (as a patient requiring much
attention etc . . .)
cakala!
interj. expressing surprise (at being able to jump over water): Mwanana a tula
kalomba a li cakala! the child jumped over the canal to our great surprise.
cakala,
n. an importunate, bothersome person: Mwanana So ki cakala, this is an
harassing child; musali wa cakala, a nuisance of a woman. (from: -shakalala)
cakalala!
ideoph. imitating the sound of a rattle.
cakanga
! interj. expressing stubbornness: Ku mu isa mo ki cakanga, ka mu kutisa mo ki
cakanga! whatever you do you will not succeed in convincing him. syn. cai-cai!
-cakela
(cakezi) v.t. to put on small skins or a head-dress as a professional dancer:
Mubini u caked mashamba a hae, the dancer has put' on his dancing kilt to wear
many skirts in the Silozi fashion. cf. -cabelela. caus. -cakelisa (cakelisize)
to help someone to dress. int. -cakelela (cakelezi) to be overdressed, to be in
full dress.
cakolwa
(bo-) n. drunkard.
-cakular
(cakuzi) v.t. to cut into a piece of timber (as a mortise), to l notch. rel.
-cakulela (cakulezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -cakulisa (cakulisize) to help to ~.
-cakula2
(cakuzi) v.t. to strike (a match) rel. -cakulela (cakulezi) to give someone a
light.
-cala
(cezi or calile) v.t. to sow, to scatter seeds, to plant: Ki nako ya ka cala
mbonyi mwa Mazda it is time to sow maize on the mounds. der. mucali, sicalo,
mucalelo. rel.calela (calezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -calisa (calisize) to
order or to help someone to ~. int. rec.
calisana (calisani or calisanile) to help each other in sowing or planting
calelela (calelezi) to finish sowing. inv. -calulula (caluluzi) to sow a second
time where the seeds did not sprout; to transplant. ref. icalela (icalezi) to
sow or plant for oneself.
cali
(hi-) n. Eng. shawl, travelling rug, fringed blanket.
-calima
(calimile) v.i. as -shalima or -talima.
-cameka
(camekile) v.t. (1) to start brewing beer; (2) to put poison in food or beer:
Mute yani u bulailwe ki mulyani o ne ba mu camekezi mwa bucwala, that person
was killed by the poison they put in his beer.
-cancalika
(cancalikile) v.i. to walk unsteadily on rubble or in mud. (also applied to
fowls about to mate) rel. -cancalikela (cancalikezi) to walk unsteadily
towards. caus. cancalikisa (cancalikisize) to cause someone to walk unsteadily.
-cancauka
(cancaukile) v.i. to become torn or worn out: Litino za ka se li cancaukile, my
clothes are already torn into shreds.
-cancaula
(cancauzi) v.t. (1) to tear into shreds or break into pieces with a cutting
tool. (2) to wound a person to death. rel. -cancaulela (cancaulezi) to tear someone's clothes into
shreds. int. -cancaule Ilela (cancaulekezi) to tearcomple- ltelyl
-caniba
(canibile) v.i. Luyana. to besmall in size; to be short in quantity.
-cankaula
(cankauzi) v.t. to hoe asmall piece of land (not cuttingúdeeply). fig. to be
averse to hoeing l gardens: Musali yo u buzwa, haa limi, u cankaulafela, this
woman is l lazy, she does not cultivate, but just scratches the ground. rel.
-cankaulela (cankauiezi) to help someone to hoe.
-cankula
(cankuzi) v.t. as-cankaula.
-cafia-cafia
(cana-cafiile) v.i. to try not to fall when wrestling, to keep one's balance
when pushed.
-cafiiliketa
(cafiiliketite) v.i. to try hard to do or get something without success: Ni li
ka caRiliketa Kwacha ya ka kuli ba nife nama, ba hana! try as I might. I did
not succeed in buying meat because of the long queue.
cao-cao,
adv. singly, by oneself alone: Ni ezize musebezi wo cao-cao nafela ni nosi, I
have done this job single-handed.
capu
(li-) n. axe. syn. silepe. cfi mufinyana.
-capuka
(capukile) v.i. to walk in great numbers as people dispersing after a
gathering.
-capulula
(capuluzi) v.t. to buy a lot of clothing at one time.
-caputuka
(caputukile) v.i. (1) to walk in large groups following each other at short
intervals. (2) to be bleeding profusely: Mutuyo usa caputuka mali a mahata,
this man is still bleeding a lot. cf. -tuputuka.
capuu!
interj. expressing surprise at a large number of people walking together. cf.
cicaa!
-capwaila
(capwaezi) v.i. to paddie slowly and lazily. syn. -njapwanga.
-cata
(catile) v.t. to give fingerprints. der. mucato. syn. nyatela. fig. to perform
a civil marriage. caus. -catisa (catisize) to take finger-prints. fig to take
people to the registrar (of marriage).
-caula1
(cauzi) v.i. to march as soldiers, to do physical exercise. der. mucaulisi,
mucaulisezo, mucaulelo. caus. -caulisa (caulisize) to drill or exercise
soldiers, pupils.
-caula2
(cauzi) v.i. to utter sharp and uninterrupted barking (as a dog chasing game).
cf. -huhula.
-caya
(cacile) v.t. Zulu. to beat. der. macayazonke.
-cebana
(cebanile or cebani) v.i. Toka-Leya. to look around when being spoken to. freq.
-cebauka (cebaukile) to look about on all sides. fig. to beat someone all over.
cebu-cebu (bo-) n. a keen-witted child (especially a girl); a crafty old
womall.
-ceka
(cekile) v.t. to cut with a knife; to cut 'matindi' grass with a sickle; to cut
meat into small pieces. red. -cekaceka (ceka-cekile) to cut hurriedly.
-cekeca
(cekecile) v.i. to be shaky or loose. see: -shekesha.
-ceketa
(ceketile) v.t. to backbite. syn. -seba.
cekisi
or cekesi (li-) n. sickle.
-celuka
(celukile) v.i. (1) to be absent for a long time: S'a il'o celuka lilimo ze
peli mwa bukuwa, he hasvbeen away for two years on the line of rail. (2) to be
a long time without getting married or employed: Musali yo s'a celukile lilimo
zeh ata a sa nyalwi, this woman has been unmarried for many years now.
-cembala
(cembalile) v.i. to grow old or to be
affected by age. der. mucembele. syn. -supala. rel.-cembalela (cembalezi) to
grow old in or at (a place): U cembalezi mwa mutu.ro, he has grown old in
zovernment Service. caus. -cembalisa (cembalisize) to cause someone to grow
old.
cencele
! interj. to surprise when stopping suddenly (as cincili!)
-cenceleka
(cencelekile) v.i. to stop when coming across something unexpected, to hesitate
when in fear or danger, not to know what to do next. caus. -cencelekisa
(cencelekisize) to cause to stop or to hesitate.
-cencemana
(cencemani) v.i. to hesitate between two possible ways (e.g to stand and fight,
or to run away): Ha bona tau sa cencemana fela. when he saw the lion, he stood
wavering.
cencetwa
(ma-) n. a loose woman. (sce. Iicencetwa)
-cenjela
(cenjezi) v.i. to know how to foresce trouble and shun it. der. kacenjela.
-ceputuka
(ceputukile) v.i. to become loose (as string or rope when drying up)
-ciana
(cianile) v.i. to squeak (as chicks or small children)
-cibala
(cibalile) v.i. to be on the point of shedding tears. caus.-cibalisa
(cibalisize) to cause someone to shed tears.
-cibilika
(cibilikile) v.i. to make haste, to hurry up, to be quick when working. cf.
-akufa.
cica,
adj. Sotho. round: Kweli ha i li fia busweu ki ye cica, when the moon is full
it is round.
cicaa!
interj. expressing surprise at a great number of canoes gathered together. ef.
eapuu!
-eieala
(eiealile) v.i. to be scattered all
over,
-eieakeka
(ciealekile) v.t. to scatter all over carelessiy: Mu sike mwa cicaleka libvana
mwa ndu, don't scatter things carelessly all over the house.
-eiiketa
(eiiketite) v.t. to worry someone by begging persistently.
-eiimana
(ciimani or eiimanine) v.i. to stand heediess of danger (as someone in front of
a moving car or train); to get too near a guest or important person.
eika
(li-) n. mortar, stamping block. -cika (cikile) v.i. to jump in a dance. caus.
-eikisa (cikisize) to ride a child on one's knce.
-eikela
(cikezi) v.t. (1)to fill up to a certain point: U xele ku t'o cikela mo, fill
up to here; (2) to work to a given extent: U /ime simu ku t'o cikela mo, hoe
the garden up to this point.
-eikimana
(eikimani or eikimanine) v.i. to be about half full: Mezi a cikimanine fela mwa
hemele, the bucket is only half full of water der. licika. caus. -cikimanisa
(eikimanisize) to half-fill a container. fig to order someone to work to a
certain extent.
-eikimeka
leikimekile) v.t. as -eikimanisa
-eila
(eilile) v.i. Luyana. to fear, to be afraid of. syn. -saba.
-cilana
(cilani) v.i. Luyana. to live well or be in good health (this word is only used
in reference to the Litunga and members of his family in charge of Nalolo,
Mwandi, Libonda, Naliele and Kaunga). pass -cilanwa: Kwa MuleneXii kwa cilanwa,
at the Capital all goes well. eaus. -cilanisa (cilanisize) to wish the Litunga
good health (This is the formal greeting to be used when writing or con veying an oral message to the Litunga.)
cileka
(bo-) n. kind of bulb used as a ball which in the cileke game has to be hit
with pointed sticks. (see: tindi)
cimbaa!
interj. expressing surprise at many things floating on the surface of water.
-cimba-cimba
(cimba-cimbami) v.i. to be floating.
cimbama
(cimbami) v.i. to be in water, to bathe, to swim. der. mucimbami. syn. -tumuka.
cf. -yuyuka. inv. -cimbuka (cimbukile) to rise to the surface, to float: Litapi
li cEmbukile mwa lisa, poisoned fish have risen to the surface of the lake. fig
to emerge or rise out of a low condition (fo poverty or want).
-cimbeka
(cimbekile) v.t. to float something in water, to soak or dip lightly: U y'o
cimbeka litino za hao mwa mezi, go and soak your clothes in water, Ku
cimbekafela lilabo, to paddie lightly on the surface in order to slow down the
speed of a canoe. inv. -cimbula (cimbuzi) to take or help out of water: Ku
cEmbula mbonyi mwa mezi, to harvest flooded maize; ku cEmbula mutu mwa mezi, to
rescue a person from drowning. fig to help someone out of a low condition. rel.
-cimbulela (cimbulezi) to assist someone in taking something out of water.
caus. -cibulisa (cimbulisize) to help to ~.
cimbu-cimbu,
adv. moderately, tolerably, passably: Kacenu, se li cimbu-cEmbu, u hola mali a
mahata he is tolerably well off today and earns quite a lot of money.
-cinala
(cinalile) v.i. to become a changed person, to turn over a new leaf, to become
settled. caus. cinalisa (cinalisize) or -cinaleka (cinalekile) or -cinaza (cinalize) to help
someone to improve or mend his ways.
-cinca
(cincize or cincile) v.t. Eng (1) to change, to make dit'ferent: Ku cinca
muXupulo, to change one's mind; ku cinca liapalo, to change clothes; ku cinca
mali, to change money. (2) to barter or exchange: Ni cincize pulu ya ka sitole,
I have exchanged my ox for a heifer. der. cinci. rel. -cindeza (cincelize) or
cincela (cincelize) to change something for someone. caus. -cincisa (cincisize)
to cause or to help to change. stat. -cinceha (cincehile) to change. der.
cinceho. int. -cinceleza (cincehile) to change everything. rec. -cincana
(cincani or cincanile) to exchange, to give and take mutually. red. -cinca-cinca
(cinca-cincize) to change often, to be in constant transformation.
cinceho
(li-) n. transformation (from: -cinca)
cinci
(ma-) n. change (money) (from: -cinca)
cincili!
interj. as cencele!
-cincilika
(cincilikile) v.i. as-cenceleka.
-cincilimana
(cincilimani or cincilimanine) as-cencemana.
-cinela
(cinezi) v.i. to remain raw though long on the fire (as vegetable marrows); to
stop growing on account of excessive heat (as plants); to grow slowly (as under
fed children) fig. to be intractable (as a child used to beating); to be
insensible, hardened: Ni li ka mu nata mwanana yo h 'a utwi kakuli s 'a cinezi,
although I beat him often this child does not obey, becausŽ he is hardened to
it. syn. -shilela. caus. -cinelisa (cinelisize) or-cineza (cinelize) fig to
render insensible: U. sike wa natanga mwanana yo u ta mu cineza, don't beat this child too often or
you will make him insensible.
-cingaira
(cingani or cinganile) v.i. to be impolite, to show a lack of respect. der.
sicingani.
-cinkilimana
(cinkilimani) v.i. ascincilimana and -cencemana.
-ciina2
(cinile) v.i. (1) to refuse to give or to return something lent. (2) to strike
(as discontented labourers). rel. -cifiela (cinezi) to be uncivil to elders.
caus. -ciinisa (ciinisize) to cause insubordination.
-ciina2
(ciiiile) v.t. to touch or poke lightly: U sike wa ni ciSa ka munwana, don't
poke me with your finger! red. -ciina-cina (cina-cinile) to poke here and
there. re . -lcina (iciinile) to poke oneself accidentally in the eye: Mwanana
yo u icini/e munwana mwa lito, this child poked himself in the eye.
-ciireka
(cinekile) v.t. (1) to halfbeach a canoe; to half do things. (2) to pass
lightly over a case without looking into it. rel. -cinekela (cinekezi) to beach
at: Muko/o mu u cinekezi kai? where did you beach the canoe? fig to have a
first look at: Fa Kuta ba ciSekezi litaba fahali, at the Court they just
touched the matter without going into it.
cinili
! interj. expressing sudden amazement, bewilderment. syn. cuca !
-cipa
(cipile) v.i. Eng. to become cheap, to go down in price: Sapili lika ne li
cipEle kufita kacenu, in the past, things were cheaper than today. Also refers
to poor quality or small value: masila a cipEle a pazuha kapEli. material of
bad quality is quickly torn to pieces. der. macipisa. fig. to be of a pliant,
docile nature: Yena ki mutu ya cipEle.
h'a na tata; he is a man of docile nature he has nothing of a strong-headed
chap, caus. -cipisa (cipisize) to make cheap, to lower . the price or quality
of; to lower the reputation of: Mu sike mwa cipisa musebezi wa mina. do not
lower the quality of your work. rel. cipiseza (cipiselize) to cheapen for someone: Kabe mu ni cipiseza kubo ye, ne ni
ta i leka, if you made this blanket cheaper for me I would buy it.
cipapa,
n. used in the expression: Ki wa cipapa ... meaning a sudden death: Mwanana n-a
ipapalela I hande. ha lu y'o kumbuluka ki wa cipapa. the child was playing by |
., himself but, before we knew | where we were he was dead.
-cipita
(cipitile) v.t. shed tears softly: Mwanana yo u cipita ni? why does this child
weep softly?
-cisa
(cisize) v.t. sce: -ca caus.
ciso
(li-) n. burning, act of consuming by fire: Ciso ya mishitu. annual l burning
of undergrowth in forests. . Script. burnt offering. .
-coba1
(cobile) v.t. to shume: Ku coba makalata, to shume cards. I der. mucobi.
-coba2
(cobile) v.t. to pedal, to cycle. | der. mucobi. rel. -cobela (cobezi) to i
cycle to.
-coba-coba
(coba-cobile) v.t. (1) to, hop or dance out of joy. (2) to, smell out things
here and there (dogs) syn. -caba-caba.
cobe!
interj. expressing the disappearance of a person or an animal: Ha ni ka li cobe
mwa ndu ya ka. . hakuna ya ka ni bona hape! after I have disappeared in my
house no 4 one will see me again.
cob-cobe,
adv. manner of people retiring to their quarters leaving a guest without proper
accommoda tion. (Also applied to birds
dispersing to their nests )
-cobela~~
(cobezi) v.t. to get into a house, a nest or a hole; to put on clothes or wrap
oneself in a blanket. caus. -cobelisa (cobelisize) to assist a patient to
dress; to tuck children into bed.
-cobela2
(cobezi) v.t. to squeeze someone under the arm in wrestling: U mu cobezi mwa
kaiiolo, he squeezed him tightly under his arm syn. -nomela. fig
-cobila
(cobilile) v.i. to chirp as birds in reed thickets or groves: to chatter
noisely (as small children) freq. -cobilikana (cobilikanile) to chirp making a
deafening noise.
-coceka
(cocekile) v.t. to set fire to a grass huts a grass enclosure. or dry grass on
the flats: Ka cocekile mulilo mwa libala ki mai1i? who has set fire to the
grass in the plain?
-cocola
(cocozi) v.t. to roast small fish in the fire (as children do). see: -shoshola
(more frequent)
-cocoma
(cocomile) vi. to be on the point of boiling, to simmer (as meat hissing
gently) fig. to be pleasant to live in: Mwa ndu ya hae kwa cosoma, it it
pleasant to live in his house; to be enjoyable: Mubinelo wa Rae wa cocoma, his
manner of dancing is a pleasure to look at. cause. -cocomisa (cocomisize) to
cause to simmer or roast: Ki mans ya covomisa nama fa liso? who is roasting
meat on the hearth?
-cocomeka
(cocomekile) or -cocomeza (cocomelize) v.t. to cause disorder by wilfully
misplacing things. ref. -icocomeza (icocomelize) to introduce unexpectedly into
a house. syn. -ipolyomeza.
-cocota
(cocotile) v.i. to feel pain after burning or after an insect sting or bite; to
feel a prickling pain (as when medicine
is applied to a wound). syn. -shoshota.
-coka
(cokile) v.t. to cut meat into strips. der. micoko. syn. -beka.
coko1
pi-) n. Eng. blackboard chalk. coko2 (li-) n. Eng. yoke. se: joko.
coko,
ideoph. imitating the sound of a stamping pestle.
-cokoka1
(cokokile) v.i. to be husked: Mbonyi ya ka i cokokile hande, my mealies are
well husked. fig. to be improving (as a person after a period of poverty or
great difficulty).
-cokoka2
(cokokile) v.i. to be blistered (hands, feet), to be peeling off.
-cokola
(cokozi) v.t. to husk grain. fig. (1) to improve someone's condition: Ki na ni
til'o ka cokola, it is I who improved your living condition. (2) to spend a
long time in jail: Ba il'o cokola mwa tolongo, they spent a long time in gaol.
rel. cokolela (cokolezi) to husk grain for someone. caus. -cokolisa
(cokolisize) to help to husk grain. ref. fig -icokola (icokozi) to devote much
time to improving one's appearance by washing and dressing with care. rel.
-lcokolela (icokolezi) to husk grain for oneself caus. -icokolisa (icokolisize)
to help each other in husking grain.
-cokoma
(cokomile) v.t. to spearg to stab: U mu cokomile ka gizmo la kobe, he killed
him by stabbing him with a barbed spear. der. mucokomi. syn. -taba.
-cokomana
(cokomani) v.i. to be sitting in great numbers (as people attending a Church
Service, a meeting or a Court case.
-cokomeka
(cokomekile) v.t. to gather people together for any public function.
-cola
(colile) v.t. Luyana. to break. der.
macolaula. syn. -loba. freq. -colaula (colauzi) to break into pieces.
-colaula
(colauzi) v.t. to flatter, to praise unduly.
coliso
(hi-) n. enthronement. from: yola.
-colomona
(colomozi) or coomona (coomozi) v.i. to urinate copiously. syn. -lute,
tapuluha.
-comeka
(comekile) v.t. to drive in materials in order to fill in a gap; to drive a
knife into a sheath; to insert, to thread a needle; to put a pin in the hair.
syn. -comelela. fig. to puzzle or speak obscurely to someone. rel. -comekela
(comekezi) to ~ for someone. freq. -comateka (comatekile) to drive in materials
to fill up the gaps Mu comateke mataka mwa masuba kaufela a situwa, fill up
every hole of the roof with reeds. inv. -comola (comozi): see. -comola.
-comelela
(comelezi) v.t. to drive in materials, to stop gaps, in order to repair (roof,
enclosure etc . . .) cf. -comeka.
-comoha
(comohile) v.i. to slip out, to come out: Bwanda be comohile mwa ndonga, the
thread slipped out of the needle.
-comola1
(comozi) v.t. to pull out; to unthread; to unsheath. rel. -comolela (comolezi)
to ~ for someone. caus. -comolisa (comolisize) to help to ~.
-comola2
(comozi) v.i. to bring forth ears (maize) syn. -pakata.
compo,
n. neckline of a blouse.
-compoloka
(compolokile) to show (as a petty coat): Mu kutise hande pitikoti ya mina i
compolokile kwa mulaho, please pull your petty coat, for it is showing behind.
-cona
(conile) v.i. to wait for a long time, to stay away from home for a long time.
der. siconi. syn. -liyongo bela. cf.
-ondoka. rel. -conela is (conezi) to stay away for a long time, at or in a
place: Ngete-ngete u il'o conela mwa Bulawayo, so-andso has been away in
Bulawayo for a long time. caus. -conisa (conisize) to keep someone waiting for
a long time; to cause someone to stay away for a long time. int. -conelela
(conelezi) to stay away for I good. I
congo,
n. noise, uproar: Mu na nilcondo hahulu, you are very noisy. lexcl: congo! stop
making noise; si-llence !
-conka
(conkile) v.t. to poke. syn. -cifia.
-conkola
(conkozi) v.t. to woundlightly, to scratch: Kota i ni conkozikwa liutu, a stick
has scratched my Ifoot. freq. -conkaula (conkauzi) fig lto irritate, to provoke
someone's anger.
-conkomana
(conkomani) v.i. to live in solitude. syn. -ungumana. rel. -lconkomanena
(conkomanezi) v.i. to l live in solitude in or at a place. ref. ,
-iconkomanena, to live by oneself. l
-conkomona
(conkomozi) v.t. to scrape with a pointed tool or stick l (as tobacco adhering
to a snuff- ,box, etc . . .).
-coXa-coXa
(coXa-conile) v.t. to poke in different places. syn. -cifia-cifia.
-cofiola
(conozi) v.t. to wound lightly. syn. -coukola.
coo!
ideoph. (ku li -) imitating the sound of a waterfall or that of very hot object
when dipped in cold water. The expression: lizazi ha li
y'o
hi coo, refers to the setting of the sun. (resembling the cooling of a red-hot
object)
-cooma1
(comile) v.i. to make a crackling noise (as meat being fried in a pan); to emit
a sound like
that
of boiling water; to roar like a a
waterfall: Mezi a cooma mwa roaring in the I sibuba, water is ^ rapids.
-cooma2
(coomile), v.t. Luyana. to hollow out, to scoop out (a mortar etc . . .)
-coomoka
(coomokile) v.i. to flow, to run (liquid) car. -lota.
-copoka
(copokile) v.i. to have the skin peeling off one's hands: Mute yo u copokile
mwa mazoho. the skin of this man's hands is peeling off. caus. -copola (copozi)
to cause the skin to peel off.
copoo!
Expression referring to the skin when it peels off blistered hands: U. sebelize
hahulu, mazoho a hae a li copoo! his hands are pecling for he worked very hard.
-copweta
(copwetile) v.t. to stop leaks in a canoe or a barge. der. mucopweti,
sicopwetiso, mucopwetelo. rel. -copwetela (copwetezi) to ~ for someone. caus.
-copwdisa
f
(copwetisize) to order or to help to sl ~.
stat. copweteha (copweehile) that which can be stopped (leaks). cubela
(cubezi) v.t. to squeeze, to lock the neck of one's opponent in wrestling, in
the fold of the arm.
coca!
or cucala! interj. expressing Isudden amazement, bewilder- Iment. syn.
ciiisili!
cub
(cucuzi) v.i. to be held as tightly as one in a snare. fig. to struggle in
order to frce oneself: UJ sa cucula ni mutate wa Rae, he is still struggling to
pay off his fine. caus. -cuculis (cuculisize) to hold tightly in wrestling.
cucu-cuku!
Guess! (special expresst ion used in the Mayumbo game).I ! culi! ideoph. (kuli
-) used in refer l ence to water falling in drops or to + anything falling in
water or diving: a Ni bong kwena ha i Hi culi mwa mezi, 58 I have seen a
crocodile dive into the water.
culu!
interj. expressing surprise at I the disappearance of someone or at his absence
for a long time: a li ku li culu kwa bukuwa h'a kuti! ever since he went to the
line of rail, there has been no sign of him!
-culuka
(culukile) v.i. to be absent for a long time.
-cululuka
(cululukile) v.i. to be drip- ping with sweat or blood.
-cumula
(cumuzi) v.i. to walk knee- deep in flood water.
-cunka
(cunkile) v.t. to pour a drop or small quantity of liquid: Mu ni cunke mulyani
mwa meto. pour some eyedrops into my eyes. der. sicunkiso. rel. -cunkela
(cunkezi) to pour a drop for: A mu ni cunkele mwanana yo tubisi mwa komoki,
please pour some milk in a cup for this child.
-cunuta
(cufiutile) v.i. (1) to limp, to be lame. fig. to hesitate between two
opinions. (2) to refuse one's husband. syn. -toza, -panata.
-cupuka
(cupukile) or -cupula (cupuzi) v.i. to get out of, or set oneself frce from, a
snare: Nyuny- vvani i cupuzi mwa katwa. the bird got out of the snare.
cupola
(cupuzi) v.t. to unfasten, to untie, to unbind, to unlash: Ki mani ya cupuzi
namani muhala? who has unloosened the calrs rope?
-cupwa
(cupwile) or cupweka (cup- wekile) v.t. to dip the tip of one's finger in a
liquid; to soak or im- merse completely: Uy'o cupwa lia- palo 7a hao mwa mezi,
go and soak your clothes in water.
cupwi!
ideoph. (ku li -) refers to walking in shallow water or to any object falling
in water. cupya, adj. hornless (with reference to female cattle: cupyana)
cuu!
ideoph. (ku li -) imitating the sound of a heavy rain.
-cuuka
(cuukile) v.i. to know one's work thoroughly.
-cuula
(cuuzi) v.t. to look attentively, to observe closely, to look thoroughly at: Mu
ni coupe hande kamuso mu sike mwa ni timelelwa, take a good look at me, so that
you do not fail to recognise me tomorrow.
-cuuma
(cuumile) v.i. (1) to sound like heavy rain: (2) to be wailing (of many people
mourning together) cf. -tuuma.
-cuumuka
(cuumukile) v.i. to rain heavily.
cwaa!
ideoph. (ku li -) refers to the sting or to the prick of a needle: also to the
fact of getting out of sight: Nja pa ka ya sa li ka li cwaa ni folofolo mwa
bucwani ha i sika kuta, since my dog disappeared while chasing game in the
grass, it has not returned
cwale,
adv. now, at the moment: in a narrative has the meaning of then'.
cwale-cwale,
adv. just now, this g moment
cwale
fa adv. at once immediately. X
cwaleka
prep. as, such as: like.
cwalekaha,
conj. as if, as when
cwalot
adv. so, thus, in that way: Ee, ka cwalo, yes it is so hakucwalo, it is not so:
mu eze cwalo, do it that way: kamukwaocwalo, so, conse quently: hakulicwalo, so, this being so:
nihakulicwalo, even so, nevertheless. 'cwalo' may also be translated: that
much, as much, so much, so many: Mu nife cwalo, give me as much: bats ba
baSiata swab, so many people. adj. ya cwalo, mute ya cwalo, such a man: nto ye
cwalo, such a thing.
cwalo-cwalo,
adv. and so on, etcetera.
cwana,
adv. so, thus, that way (preceeding an explanation or a demonstration)
-cwankama
(cwankami) v.i. to disappear or be out of sight (as one gomg into the forest or
being a long time at work or on some errands). syn. -icwanka.
-cwankeka
(cwankekile) v.t. to hide, to keep in safety: U cwankekile tipa ya hae mwa
bucwani, he hid his knife in the grass. ref.-icwankeka (icwankekile) to hide
oneself. syn. icwanka.
cwanonu,
adv. now (as cwale, but more emphatic)
cwani?
adv. how? in which way? by what means?
-cwepula
(cwepuzi) v.t. to beat slightly with a rod. freq.-cwepaula (cwepauzi) to beat
repeatedly. ret cwepaulela (cwepaulezi) to beat on someone's behalf.
-cwiana
(ewianile) v.i. to squeak like chicks or mice. syn. ciana.
<div>D
d,
pronounced as in English. By itself 'd' is only used with words of foreign origin. In proper silozi words 'd'
never stands alone, but combines with
'n': Ndate, ndu, ndanda, etc...
daimani,
n. Eng. diamond, anything precious
dali,
n. Eng. darling: Dali wa ka, my darling. syn. mulatiwa, sheli.
damu
(li-) n. Eng. dam, swimming pool .
-dansa
(dansize) v.i. Eng. to dance. der.
dansi.
dansi (li-) n. Eng. dance (from: dansa )
dekitiva
(ile) v.t. Eng. to act as a detective. (see: tikitiba)
diabulosi,
n. Gk. the devil. syn. satani.
-dipa
(dipile) v.t. Eng. to dip cattle.
dokota
(ma-) n. Eng. doctor, medical practitioner. syn.in aka.
donki
(li- or ma-) n. Eng. donkey. syn. mbongolo.
<div>E
E,
e, has two sounds. One is open and nearly approaches to 'e' in bed: eza, ekeza,
eleza etc . . . The other is closed. It mostly occurs when 'e' is used at the
end of words: Bibeleye kenile, tafuleyende. etc . . .
e,
rel. pron. obj. of nouns which have the plural in ma(class: buma, li - ma, lu
-ma), those which: Mali e ni hola, the money which I draw. cf. a (4)
e,
interj. (1) I say, mind ! beware be careful ! E, bona mwanana yo u ka ca, mind,
that child may get burnt ! (2) In calling someone 'e' is often added to the
name: Muyunda, e, becomes Muyundee . .. (3) Sometimes used interrogatively: e?
what do you say?
e,
eni, adv. yes. Eni is more polite than e: thus, the correct answer when
assenting is 'eni sha' or 'eni shangwe '.
e,
e, interj. calling to silence. E, e! a mu teeleze se si taha ko! stop that noise and listen to what is being said !
-ebela
(ebezi) v.t. Luyana. to admire. der. Iiebela. syn. -buha. pass. -ebelelwa
(ebelezwi) to be pleased, delighted, interested in contented: Mubeleki wa ka u
ebelezwi kakuli ni mu pilisa hande, my employee is pleased with his job because
I treat him well.
ehe!
interj. of joy (as in welcoming people home); of surprise (when picking up lost
things); of approval.
-ekeza
(ekelize) v.t. to add, to increase. der. muekezi, kekezo. stat. ekezeha
(ekezehile) to be increasing, to grow in size, to become greater or worse:
Butuku bwa hae bu ya bu ekezeha, his iliness is steadily getting worse. rel.
-ekeleza (ekelelize) to give more to, to give an increment: Ba ni ekelelize
kwacha kwa mali e ni hola. they have given me one kwacha increment on the
salary I draw. pass ekelezwa
(ekelelizwe) to be given more: Ni kupa ku ekelezwa kakuli mali a ka ki a
manyEnyani hahulu, I ask to be given an increment as my salary is very small.
-elekela
(elekezi) v.t. Luyana. to measure with the hand, to give a handful (of salt,
sceds, etc . . .)
-eleketa
(eleketile) v.i. Luyana. to be tasteless (as relish not well seasoned).
-elemba
(elembile) v.i. to roam about secing friends (especially applied to an idie
woman at sced time). der. mwelembo.
-eleta
(eletite or eletile) v.i. Luyana. as -eleketa.
-eleza
(elezize or elelize) v.t. to advise, to counsel, to warn, to put on guard: Ya
ka mu eleza ki mani? who will advise him? der. muelezi~~ kelezo, kelezano, rec.
-elezana (elezani or elezanile) to advise or consult each other. ref. -ikeleza
(ikelezize) to think over, to ponder.
-eluba
(elubile) v.i. Luyana. te be stupid. der. muelo.
-ema
(emile) v.i. see: -yema.
-emba-emba1
(emba-embile) v.i. Luyana to fpndie a baby with a view to showing him off
-emba-emba2
or empa-empa (embaembile or empa-empile) v.t. to be undecided (especially
whether to give food to someone or reserve it for a better purpose). caus.
-embaembisa or empa-empisize) to cause to retain or hold back (especially
foodstuffs)
-embama
(embami or embamile) v.t. (1) to lean forward in order to hear a conversation.
to eavesdrop. (2) to sit close to someone (as a child to his parent). (3) to
run side by side (as a dog chasing game). der. muembami, muembatami, liembatama.
syn. -lkembeka. fig. to persist in
begging or requesting: Nimufile kakuli n'a ni embami maswe, I granted his
request because of his . persistence.
embeka
(embekile) v.t. see: -keng eka.
-embela
(embezi) v.t. Luyana. to . herd cattle. syn. -lisa..
-enda
(endile) v.i. Luyana. to walk,to go, to travel. der. sendaendi, S luendo, syn.
-zamaya. red. -enda-enda (enda-endile) to walk about, to stroll; to take a
journey. l
-endelela
(endelezi) v.i. to go from N bad to worse: U luke siapalo sa hao si ka endelela,
mend your garment .before it gets completely ruined.fig. to go to the dogs.
-endeleza
(endelelize) v.t. to lead astray, to entice, to seduce: Usike X .wa endeleza
pilu ya hao cwalo, do .not be led astray in that way. ref. -ikendeleza
(ikendelelize) to belittle .Oneself.
-endeka
(endekile) v.t. to lean against. fig. to put up visitors. (see: -yendeka )
-enduka
(endukile) v.i. to go downstream. der. muenduko. syn. -yen-duka.
-endamena
(endamezi) v.t. to lean upon. der. maendameno. syn. -yen-damena.
-enga-enga
( enga-engile ) v. i. to start falling (as the first drops of rain); to have
tears in one's eyes, to be ready to shed tears. cf: -cipita.
-engama
(engami) v.i. to sit or stand close to a person: Mwanana kaufela u Iata hahulu
ku engama ku bo mahe, every child likes to sit close to his mother. fig. to
slander, to have continually someone's name on the lips.
-engaeta
(engaetite) v.t. to display things meant to be carried unobserved . enge (li-) n. ink
-engela
(engezi) v.i. (1) to be bulging (as a stomach), to be swollen (as a ripe
abcess) (9) to be bright red and ripe (of fruit).
-engula
(enguzi) v.i. to sit sideways on one thigh.
-enya
(enyize) v.i. to be tepid, luke-warm: Ni tokwa mezi a enva han,vi-nyani, I want
some lukewarm water. der. muenyena. red. -enya-enya (enya-enyize) to be nearly
lukewarm.
-enyauka
(enyaukile) or enyoka (enyokile) v.i. to be smouidering (as the remains of a
fire) fig. to lose one's temper, to fly into a rage. rel. -enyokela (enyokezi)
to be angry with someone. caus. -enyokisa (enyokisize) to irritate, to put into
a rage.
-esha
(eshile or eshize) v.i. Luyana. to arrive, to reach, to pass syn. -fita.
eshe!
interj. not so. cf. asha! ishi!
-eshula
(eshuzi) v.t. to overcome, to win, to come first (as in a race, at work or in
an examination): Mu-kumbuta ki vena ya lu eshula mwa sitopa sa luna. in our
class M ukum-buta is the one who always comes first syn. -teula, fita.
-eta
(etile) v.i. Luyana. to visit. der. mueti, lieto. rel. -etela (etezi) to pay a
visit to at (of persons or places) Ni til'o mi etela kacenu, today I have come
to see you
-etelela
(etelezi ) v.t. to walk in front, to lead people. der. mueteleli
eto!
or eyo! interj. Luyana of ap-proval: welidone!
Evangeli
or Evaneli, n. Eng. Gospel: Evangeli ya Mateu, the Gospel ac-cording to St.
Matthew; the teach-ing of Jesus Christ: Evangeli i tisize liseli la kozo mwa
Bulozi, the teach ing of Jesus Christ has brought the knowledge of peace in
Bulozi
-eya
(eyile) v.i. to be blown up (as fire by wind), to be red hot (of embers). fig.
to be fiery, to hate, to be inflamed with anger or jeal-ousy der. Iieya. syn.
-wekuma, -yekuma. rel. fig-eyela (eyezi) to be angry with someone. freq. -evoka
or eyauka (eyokile or eyaukilŽ) to be kept burning.
-eyala
(eyalile) v.i. Luyana, to sit si-lently, to be overwhelmed with sorrow or
misfortune: Mutu yo kEiii s'a eyalile cwana? why is this person so silent'?
caus. -eyalisa (eyalisize) to cause someone to be silent or sorrowful
-eza
(ezize) v.t. (1) to bring into existence, to make, to do, to act: Mu ezani?
what are you doing? Ku eza hande, to do well; ku eza ka tata, to strive! to
struggle. (2) to treat: Ku eza mutu hande, to treat someone well: ku eza mutu
bu-tanga, to treat someone as a slave. der. muezi, muikezezi, kezo, keza-halo,
buikeziso. syn. -tenda. rel. -ezeza (ezelize) to ~ for someone. caus. -ezisa
(ezisize) to order or to help to ~: Se si ni ezisize cwalo ki ku sa ziba, it is
ignorance that made me act like this. int. -ezeleza (ezelelize) to act
completely int-stat. -ezahala (ezahalile) to be feas-ible, practicable,
permissible, possible, realizable: Taba ye i eza-halile lili? when did this
happen? rec. -ezana (ezani or ezanile) to do something to each other, to act
mutually: ku ezana maswe, to wrong each other. req. -ezanga to have the habit
of doing something. inv. -ezulula (ezuluzi) to do for the second time red.
-eza-eza (eza-ezize) to do a little, to do what one can: ku eza-eza fela, to do
half- heartedly. ref. -Ikeza (ikezize) to pretend to be, to simulate: ku ikeza
bupulumuki, to simulate insanitv fig. exp. ku ikeza lisino, to refuse to be
sent somewhere rel. -ikezeza (ikezelize) to make for oneself; to act on one's
own initiative, to do as one pleases:
Mutanga h a lukeli ku ikeze.a. a slave has no right to act on his own initiative.
caus-ike- 1l zisa (ikezisize) to pretendz to pur- t posely make a mistake! to
do convtrary to what is expected
<div>F
F.
f, pronounced as in English
fa,
adv. here: Zwafa, get outb go away ! kafa ni kafa, here and there. : Also means
just now, as in the ex-pression: cwale-ceulefa, just now, immediately; or when:
Fa n'afitezi n 'a otile hahulu, when he arrived he looked very thin.
fa,
prep. at, on, applied to a place near at hand or time: Bafitilefa li-kamba,
they have arrived at the shore; fa tafule, on the table; fa nakoya tei1i, at
the appointed time. fa also means, sometimes from or to: Ni zwa fa likamba, ni
ya fa sikolo, I come from the shore and ,go to the school Fa is also used in
compound adverbs as fahalimu. -on. above: in addition to:fafasi, on "the
ground: fatuko, aside: fahali, Cinside, within, through: fakaufi. near
fa
(file) v.i. Luyana. to die. No longer used except as an interj. fa! truly '
der. mufu. svn. -shwa, timela.
-fa
(file) v.t. to give, to supply, to bestow: A tt1U nife kwateni kwacha, S please
give me a kwacha der. mpo. muipi, muipo. cf. -sunya. ref. -lpa (ipile) (1) to
appropriate without permission: Ku maswe
ku ipanga lika za mutu, it is not right to take someone's property without
asking (2) to pretend, to give one-self airs. sp. exp. ku ipa mata, tq take
pains: ku ipa linako. to fiX time by mutual consent; ku ipa lu .shango, to
exchange news
fafasi,
adv. on the ground: Tom4 munsifafasi, put the pestle on the ground.
-fafata
(fafatile) v.t. to travel a lot; to go about seeing friends, to visit
frequently: Mwanana yo u fafata hahulu, u ka shwa itekelelwa; this child goes
visiting too often, he will die in an unknown way.
-fafaza1
(fafalize) v.t. to sprinkle: Pula ifafalizefela, the rain hardly fell.
-fafaza2
(fafalize) v.t. to scar babies affected by conjunctivitis. rel. -fa-faleza
(fafalelize) to scar on behalf of someone. caus. -fafazisa (fafazi-size) to
cause or to help to scar int. -fafaleleza (fafalelelize) to scar both temples.
-fafuha
(fafuhile) v.i. to have a stab-bing pain in the chest cf. -fasuka.
-fafula
(fafuzi) v.t. to cause pain: I UkilpO tU
mu fatuzi. he l'eels a stab between the ribs (lit. the small ribs cause him an
acute pain). cf. kabaei.
-faha
(fahile) v.t. to pour meal into boiling water (when preparing porridge or
'buhobeO) rel. -fahela (fahezi) to ~ for someone. Int. -fa-helela (fahelezi) to
pour all the meal into boiling water.
fahali,
adv. inside, within, through.
fahalimu,
adv. on. above. in addi-tion to
-fahula
(fahuzi) v.t. to castrate: Poho l a ka ni ka i laXula maliha I shall castrate
my bull this winter. der. mufahuli, mufahulelo, svn. -tumbula. rel. -fahulela
(fahulezi) to ~ on behalf of someone. eaus. -fa-hulisa (fahulisize) to order or
to help someone to ~.
fakaufi,
adv. near.
-fala
(falile) v.t. (1) to scrape skins in order to soften them (Usualiv done with a
small adze blade or potshed) (2) to scrape the crusts in a cooking pot: Mu mu
tuXele afale mahoho m ra piza i kene. Iet him scrape the crusts in the cooking
pot to clean it. der. palo, sifaliso. fig. to turn down a request. syn. -noma,n
ota. rel. -falela (falezi) to ~ for someone. eaus. -falisa (falisize) to order
or to help someone to ~. stat. -faleha
(falehile) to be well scraped. fig. exp: kacenu kufalehile k suhalinill, today
the sky is cloud-less. ref. -lfalela (ifalezi) to scrape a hide l'or oneself.
-falala
(falazi or falalile) v.i. (i) to be defeated, reduced to servitude: Mako/olo
hafalalile n1stu Bu/o-i ka ivi/im0.va 1864, the Makololo were defcated in
Buhrzi h1 1864: (2) to die away, (o hecome extinct: I u.vika lua he.su h/
falalile mssa Bulazi. my family have become
extinct in Bulozi: (3) to be de-stroyed or left destitute through theft,
fire or other calamity. der. palali. rel. -falalela (falalezi) to die at ~ or
in (a place) eaus. -falalisa (falalisize) to defeat. to reduce to servitude.
-falaza
(falazize) v.t. to defeat, to kill: to rob..eaus. -falazisa (falazi-size) to
cause someone to sustain a loss by theft or death.
fale,
faale adv. yonder, some place far away.
-falula1
(faluzi) v.t. to travel extensi-vely: U taluvi manaha, he has travelled in many
countries.
-falula2
(faluzi) v.t. to scratch: Mika-kani i ni faluzi kwa lizoho the thorns have
scratched my arm: Ka-e ifaluzi m vanana the cat has scratched the child. eaus.
-falulisa (falulisize) to cause to scratch. freq. -falaula (falauzi) to scratch
again and again. ref. -lfalulisa (ifa-lulisize) to cause oneself to be
scratched.
-falula3
(faluzi) v.t. to sum up, to review the main points of a case. to cut short a
long story.
-fana
(fanile). v.t. to give much, to be generous. der. mufani, bufani. pano.
Mufana-limpl), (~od (lit. the giver of gifts) rel. -fanela (fanezi) to give on
behalf of someone: U.vike útw ni /anela lico za ka c valo u ka li feza do not
distribute mv food thoughtlessly. otherwise it will be finished in no time.
caus. -fanisa (fanisize) to give away. to distrih-ute generousl~.. rec. -fanana
(fanani or fananile) to excharage gifts.
-fanda-fanda
(fanda-fandile) ú.i. to stumble. to fall forward with outs-tretched arms.
-fandaula
(fandauxi) >.t. to scatter things about carelessly. rel. -fan-daulela
(fandaulezi) to scatter someone's things
about carelessly. caus. -fandaulisa (fandaulisize) to cause to ~.
fande,
adv. outside, out of doors: Mu zwelefande please go outside.
-fandisa
(fandisize) v.t. to give. der. mafandisa. syn. -fafani, adv. there, over there
-fanuna
(fanuzi) v.t. to scratch. der. mufanunuti. syn. -falula. freq. -fa-nauna
(fanauzi) to scratch repeat-edln.
-fanata
(fanatile) v.t. to grip some-one with both hands through anger or fear. syn.
-fwaiiata.
-fapa
(fapile) or fapula (fapuzi) v.t. to beat someone with a stick. to stab with a
spear: U mu ja/)uzi ka ilUMlO, he
stabbed him with a spear. freq. -fapaka (fapakile) or fapaula (fapauzi) to beat
repeatedly.
-fapana
(fapani or fapanile) v.i. to differ, to disagree. der. sifapano, fapano or
papano. rel. -fapanela (fapanezi) to disagrce about some-thing. caus. -fapanya
(fapanyize) or fapanyisa (fapanyisize) to cause disagrcement or
misunderstanding between people: to differentiate between two things. int.
-fapane-lela (fapanelezi) to disagrce completely.
fapano
(li-) n. difference: misunderstanding. disagreement, disaccord. disunion,
opposition. clash. (from:-fapana)
-fapuha
(fapuhile) v.i. Sotho. to ieave the road. to move out of the way, to iet
someone pass. syn. -keluha, -yabuka. fig. to go to the toilet (when travelling
in a countryside): to be at one's period (women).
-fasa
if asize) v.i. to be full (as river or a cooking pot): Pi ana i fa.vize the pot
is brimful.
-fasa2
(fasize) v.i. Afrik. to become jamnacd (as a saw in timber): to be stuck (as a
vehicle in sand): to be bloc ked.
-fasuka
(fasukile) v.i. to become loose (as snares after much use) fig. to become
angry.
-fasula
(fasuzi) v.t. (1) to loosen a trap: Ki maiii safa.suzi kalv a ka ka" who
has loosened the snare I had set'? (2) To brush off (as an insect on the body).
fig. to irritate.
-fata1
(fatile) v.t. to scratch the ground with claws (fowls): to look for a iost
thing mostly in sand. freq. -fataka (fatakile) to scratch continuously. rel.
-fatakela (fata-kezi) to scratch someone's seeds: Likuhu li ni fatakezi mbonyi
sa ka. the l'owls have dug up my mealie seeds.
-fata2
(fatile) v.t. to dazzle, to blind. to enter the eye (dust etc ...): Maluli a ni
fatile dust has blinded me. stat. -fateha (fatehile) to becomc dazzled or
blinded. fig. to be sightless (as someone under the influence of drink) ref.
-lfata (ifa-tile) to cause one-s eyes to become sore, to rub one's eyes. fateni
adv. on, there on. fatuko, adv. aside.
-fatungula
(fatunguzi) v.t. to rummagc. to turn things over in search.
-fatuka
(fatukile) v.t. to look for a missing article. to search. (see: -fetuka)
-fava
(faile) v.t. to tread under the feet, to trample (of grass). der.
si-fayamayungu, mufayaeli, mafaya. svn. -hwava. rel. -favela (fayezi) to feei
one's way with the feet (as in marshy places) freq -fayaela (fayaezi) to walk
across iong grass.
-fayuka
(fayukile) v.i. to be very tired. to be exhaustcd. syn. - katala -bomba.
-fayula
(fayuzi) ú.t. to be ilble to do something: to overcome. to mastcr. to
oscrpovtPer: Mu.vehezi 1/ na li onu/rl/na, kono n i u tarl/ i - th e work vvas
very hcavy but I was able to do it: Mu.sebezi u no li onil/-tl/nag nli u ni
/alw i. the work ú aS ver! heavx and it exhausted me: Mutl/li ú w luna h'a koni
ku fal~uS hande liva, our patient is unabic to takc food as he should.
-feba
(febile) ú.i. Lyana. to smoke. to snuff. der. mufebi sifebi syn. -zuba.
-feela
conj. oniv .N'i na ni bana ha beheli fee/a, I havc onlx t~so chil-dren. 5p.
exp. Ku hana teela, to refusc ú ithout rcason: kl/ .sebe:a fee/a to work
without pa!: ku ta feela, to give freels. ctc.
-fefuka
(fefukile) v.i. to be hlown an a) . fig. exp. .Ve ni ve ni feti/kile ni
kalok(7, I had alreatdy fallen aslcep.
-fefula
(fefuxi) v.t. to winnow to fain. rel. -fefulela (fefulezi) to for someonc.
caus. -fefulisa (fefulisize) to ordcr or to help someone to. ins . -fefulula
(fefuluzi ) to w innovt a second timc.
-feka
(fekile) v.i. I.uvana. to be sim-ilar to ha\e a resemhhlnce to. to take aftcr
(as a child after his pimcnts ctc. der. sifekiso. syn. -hoza.
-fela
(felile) ú.i. to comc to an end. to hecomc finished to run out: to expire to
die: Mu.sehe i u telile, the work is finished: ku felile, it is fin-ished. it
is the end. it is death. sp. eYp~ Ku fela pih/. to lose one's ternpcr: hurfla
ha hu .va teli. eternal life. der. peto bufelo lifela. kau-fela. rel. -felela
(felezi) to end at in or on (a place) I.i(o -a h/na lifeie-i n/nu n-ila, our
food has finished on the N ay. pass
-feles~a (felezvai) to become short of .Vi tele \ri ki nia/i I am short of
money: ku te-lelew ki olata, to be at the end of one's strength: to be deprived
of: Nifele ssi ki hana. I am left without children. caus. -felisa (felisize)
or-feza (felize) to put an end to. (sec. -feza 7
felwani
(li-) n. comma (.) syn. koma.
fene!
interj. of denial (mostly used by children): Vi niu ku,nile kona ki fene.
hakuna v'a ni file, I did ask him but he did not give me anything
-fenuna
(fenuzi) v.t. to strip leaves from a mili7e cob.
-fenya
(fenyize) v.t. Sotho. (1) to overcome to conquer. to subdue: luho.vi h'a
fenli-e lila a hae a kutela nina Lealui, having conquered his enemies Lubosi
re-turned to Lealui. (?) to wûrr!' to trouble: Toho i nifenia hahulu,
hea-daches car me out. der. mufenli. sifenyi lufenvo. mafenveho stat -fenyeha
(fenyehile) to be ovcr-cornc. to be oppressed or pes-tered. svn -swenveha.
-fepa
(fepile) v.t. Sotho. to feed: to keep someonc: .Vi viho/e .va naeto, H1i hAkuna
nil/tl/ ra ni ferea han(te, I am hlBld and there is not ansone to feed me
properly. cf. -uta.
-feta
(fetile) ú.t. to stir. to churn (a churning stick etc. . . ): ku teta niahisi,
to churn milk: ku teta nil/lilo to make fire bs friction. der. Iufeto sifetiso
sifetelo. fig. to fcster (ahscess. hoii): ku teta hulalu, to throh.
-fetuha
(fetuhile) v.i. to change. to turn. to be turned into. to be al-tered: Mutl~
wani na tana kono kavenl( .va fetullile niutimani l a-n/a.sne that generous
person has charlged and is ~er!^ close-fisted
today. .V(/ha kavenl/ ifetuhile, toda! thc countr! has changed. der.
petuho petuhelo. rel. -fetuhela (fe-tuhezi) to turn to. in the direction of: to
turn agair1st to rcsolt. caus. -fetuhisa (fetuhisize) to cause to change. to
ordcr or to help to ~. int. -fetuhelela
(fetuhelezi) to change completel} (mostly for thc worst): red. -fetuha-fetuha
(fetuha-fetuhile) to turn over and over (as a patient in his bed): to chanye
one's mind to alter one-s sasing: Munna la u fetl/ha-letuha feela. this man is
alwa!s changing his mhad. ref. ifetuhela (ifetuhezi) or ipetuhela (ipetuhezi)
to turn against. to rebel: to become enemies. rec. -fe-tuhelana i fetuhelani )
to turn against to rebel. to become enc-mies. (as ref)
-fetuka
(fetukile) ú.t. to search care-fully for SOlilC mislaid article.
-fetula
(fetuzi) v.t. (1) to alter: Ba Jetu i nlilao, thcy have amended the laws. (')
to answer: Wena kiEli ha u paleBta ku ni fetula ha ni ku bu.a7 whv can't sou
answer me when 1 ask you questions'? (3) to translate, to interpret: Baluti ba
fetu.i Bibele ka Sila-i the Mission-aries have transl;lted thc Bible bIto Lozi.
(4) to turn ovcr: ku fetu/a nania fa ml/lilo to turn roasting meat: ku fetula
niukl/li ta nil/niheta to turn a patient over in his hed der. mufetuli. petulo.
sifetuliso. rel. -fetulela (fetulezi) to translate into. to interpret for
someone. caus. -fe-tulisa (fetulisize) to ordcr or to hcip to ~. rec. -fetulana (fetulani) to ans~ser cach
other ~ith anger. freq. -fetaula (fetauzi) to chanue. to turn again and again.
(fig) to treat someonc rcuardless of' his wish: t sike n(l ni t(tal/la e stalo
ha ni nil/tm/ga 1s o llao. do not treat me
just as nou like. for I artI not your slave. ref. -lfetula (ifetuzi) or
-ipe-tu/a /spetu:iv to change. to turn oncself into: nil/.shiniani l a u ipetl/.i
sihssaha this boy has turned into a truallt.
-feuka
(feukile) v.i. to hurry up. to make haste (vthen walking, travel-iinu) cf.
-akufa.
-feza
(felize) v.t. to finish (f'ood. ú ork etc . . .). Iu feli.e nil/vehe i vvc havc
completed the job: kuJe:a taba to conclude. fig. exp. Bulevi hu le:a hatu
withcraft finishes people. der. mufezi, mufelelezi, ma-felelezo. rel. -feleza
If eleli:e 2 to fhaish or appropriate someone-s food or property etc . . .: Ba
nifele-li e likonil/ ca ka nl^saml/laho a litiw /a n(/ate thes appropriated ms
cattle after mn father's death. caus. -fezisa (fezisize) to cause to ~. int. -fezeleza (fezelelize) or-fe-leleza
(felelelize) to finish, to givc the last touch. to perfect. ku fele-leza is also
used as an adv. mcan-ing: completelv. absolutel!: ku lata nil/tl/ ku felele a
to love someone unrescrnedly. rec. -fezana (fezani or fezanile) to do av a)
with each other. ref. -lpeza (ipelize) as rec.
fibele,
n. Eng. fever (especialiv ma-laria), a cold in the head.
-fiyela
(fiezi) v.t. to sn eep. to clear out: Ve ka ha nil/kea anilinde ku firela haloi
nl\sw naha it ssould he a good thing to clear the land of sithcraft der.
mufiveliq lufivelo. si-fiveliso, mufivelelm fig. to surpass: .\ina sil(/lia
.S'ililo u /ire i ha hanswi kautela, in thc race Sililo sur-passcd all thc
others. rel. -fivelela (fiyelezi) to ~ for somcone caus. -fivelisa (fivelisize)
to order or to help to _ . ref. -lfivelela (ifiyelezi) or -ipielela ( ipielezi
) to do one's oxvrl sxseeping.
fiyelo,
n. semicolon (:).
-fifala
(fifezi orfifalile) v.i. Sotho. to become dark. der. sififi, kafifi, lififi.
svn. -unsufala.
fifi,
n. fist: ku nata ka ffi. to strikc with the fist.
-filiheza
(filihelize) v.t. Sotho. to ac-company. syn. -sindeketa.
-filika
(filikile) v.i. to go to and fro. to move about (especiaily of a large number
of people).
-filikana
(filikani) v.i. to become upset. troubled, agitated (often through anger)
-filikanya
(filikanvize) v.t. to upset people. to cause trouble or dis-cord: lu.veho
lufilikanxa batu, slan-dering causes discord among peopie. der. mufilikanyi.
syn. -kataza, -shupa. undunganya.
-finana
(finani) or -fwinana (fwina-nine) v.i. to look with half closed eves. to have
an ugiv looking face. -fipela (fipezi) or -fipelwa (fipezwi) v.i. to be out of
breath. constipate. to be suffocating. caus. -fipelisa (fi-pelisize) or
-fipeza. (fipelize) to put out of breath, to suffocate, to stifle. fig. to
embarrass: Lipuzo za bona za fpeAva. their questions are embarrassing. ref.
-lpipeza (ipipe-lize) fig to hide the truth.
-fita1
(fitile) v.t. to surpass. to exceed, to outdo: Pita úra nifita kew hutelele,
Pcter is taller than 1. The infinitive is commonly used to express comparison
of' adjcctives and adverbs: V(/u l e ki l ende ku fita lani, this house is
better than that: ni lata Nlanibe ku tita Nasilele, I prefcr Nvalilbc to
Nasilele. The superlative degrce is expressed b! the adverbial phrase 'ka
kutitisi.va '. Musali l o ki l oml/nde ka ku fitivi.va. this woman is thc
prettiest of all. rec. -fitana (fitani) to hc unequal in size or wealth. Ku .vafitana, to be equal.
-fita2
(fitile) v.i. to arrive, to reach, to pass: Mu fitile lili? when did you
arrive" Kutitafa . . . to reach a cer-tain level or height. der. mufiti.
mafitelo. svn. -esha. rel. -fitela (fitezi) (1) to stop at, to be put up at:
Baenl i ha fitezi kai'2 with whom are the visitors stopping? (2) to be on the
way to: Nifitela kwa Mongu, I am on my way to Mongu. sp. exp. ku fitela
kneapili, to go ahead. to go in front of others. kufitela, until: ku fitela cuwle,
until now. pass -fi-telwa (fitezwi) to be surprised by. to be in receipt of: Ni
Jite. t7 ki haenli, I have been surprised bv visitors, caus. -fitisa (fitisize)
to cause to arrive, to convey, to de-liver: Mu l 'o Jiti.va linolo le k} w heni
ha lona, pleasc deliver this letter to the addressee. rel. -fitiseza
(fitise-lize) to convev or deliver on behalf of: Mu ni Jiti.veze masewbi, a ka
kova balili, please convey my sympathx to the mourners. int. -fitelela
(fite-lezi) to pass through without stop-ping, to go further. fig to be
stil-iborn: MHana u fitelezi, the babv was still-born. rec. -fitana (fitani) to
differ. to contrast, to clash: Mihala l e la fitana, these colours clash. ref.
-lpitela (ipitezi) to pass on.
-fitahanya
(fitahanvize) or -fitaha-nyisa (fitahanvisize) v.t. to wear skirts of uncqual
length. to ma-chine irreguhirly in stitching. to make irregular points when
sewi ng.
fo,
adv. there: I heefo. put it there: where: Ha ni ibi lo i heil~re tipa, I do n0t
kno~~ where the knife has heen put. sp. exp. fo. ha ni zihi. on this matter. I
have no knowicd,sze'
-focola
(focozi) ú.t. to shovel. der. mufocoli,
focolo, mufocolelo.
focolo
(li- or ma-) n. shovel, spade. (from: -focola)
fohe,
conj. and then: U ni ut sve pili. fohe u ta ironela; hear me first. and then do
what you like.
-fokola
(fokozi) v.i. to become weak: Mukuli u fokozi hahulu, the patient is very weak.
der. mufokoli. mufokolo, bufokoli. caus. -fokolisa (fokolisize) to weaken:
Butuku hu mufokolisize hahulu, his illness has weakened him a lot.
-fokoza
(fokolize) v.t. see: -fukuza.
fokunwi,
adv. sometimes.
-fola
(folile) v.i. (1) to become cold. to cool off, to cool down: Mu tuhele muzilili
u Jole, leave the milk to cool: kufolile cssale, it is cool now ( especially
applied to the late afternoon); med (2) to recover from an iliness. to get
better: Li-tombo za ka li folile c tWle, the sores I had are all healed now.
caus. -folisa (folisize) (1) to let anything cool down: Lu sa foli.va lizazi,
we are just sitting in the shade till the sun cools down ... (expression used
by traveliers) (2) to cure someone. to heal: Ni mu alatile. Muliml/ u mu
foli.vize, I dressed him, God heaied him.
foli!
adv. exp. indicating fear: N'a bata ku ni /uwni.va kono a sa hona fela
muhulwan'a ka .ve li foli' He wanted to fight me but on seeing my elder hrother
he lost his cour-age. (from: -fola)
folofolo
(li-) n. animal. game (mostly applied to hoofed animals) fig. a person N ithout
human quali-ties: Ha ki nil/tl/, ki Jblotolo. hc is not a human being. he is
just an animal. svn. sivamana.
foloko
(li-i n. F.ng. a aable fork. syn. tabisa .
-foloma
(folomile) v.t. I:ng. (1) to make bricks
(2) to supervise labour: Ki mani kapitao lta mi foloma fa.2 who is the foreman
supervising you here? fig. to manage to give orders: Musali hta hxkeli ku
foloma munna hae mwa lapa a wife ought not to boss her husband in their home.
der. mufo-lomi sifolomiso folomani. rel. -fo-lomela (folomezi) to ~ for
some-one. caus. -folomisa (folomisize) to order to help to ~. ref. -lfolomela (ifolomezi) to ~ for one's
own use.
folomani
(ma-) n. Eng. foreman supervisor. (from: -foloma)
-foloza
(folozize) v.i. to miscarry to abort (applied only to animals) fig. to blossom
without setting: Mahele a folozize, the kaffir corn has not set der. sifolozwani.
-foma
(fomile) v.i. (1) to breathe with difficulty (as a person suffer-ing from a
chronic chest disease). (2) to puff (as snakes of the adder type) (3) to puff
(as a railway engine).
fomo!
adv. exp. indicating exhaus-tion: Mutu zwni u kate. -i u ize Jomo, that man is
not only tired he is ex-hausted '
-fomoka
(fomokile) v.i. to be ex-hausted. to be tired out. caus. -fomona (fomozi) to
tire to wear out. pass. -fomolwa (fomozwi): A'i fomozwi ki mu.vebezi wa ku
fuluha, I am tired out by paddling.
fona
adv. just. as in the cxpression: Jona fa just there just novt. (see: hona )
foni
(li-) n. Eng. telephone: Kaml/.vo ni ta ku li e-a foni, I shall ring you up
to-morrow.
-fonya-fonya
(fonva-fonvize) v.t. to damage: io huild careiessly. syn. -fwanva-fwanva.
-fonyoka
(fonvokile) v.i. to hecome hr~;ised damagcd. hurt: h/taka lo h~ fonrokile, a bruised reed.
-fonyona
(fonyozi) v.t. (t) to bruise. to crumple. to hurt: Mu .vuw/e hande mPl/tl/tl/~
mu .sike mstw mu /o-niona, handle the baby with care lest you hurt him. (2) to
pluck (as ripc bananas f'rom the bunch).
-fopa
(fopile) v.i. to become less swollen. to go down, to become detlated: Sitomho
.va hae .vi fopile. his abscess has gone down. fig. to cease raging, to cool
down. caus. -fopisa (fopisize) to reduce a swell-ing. fig. to calm, to convince
some-one.
fope!
adv. exp. indicating deflation: Ne h/ laha kono ha lu l 'o kumbuluka mhola \a
h/na ve lifope.' we were playing when we suddenly realized that our hall was
becoming flat.
-fosa
(fosize) v.i. to make mistakes. to do wrong, to be guilty: to sin: to commit
adultery: U fo.vi e ku ,amara a .sina situpa, he made a mistake in going
without his Iden-tit! Card: .Vgete u fosize ni musal'a ml/tl/* so and so
committed adul-tery with someone's wife. der. sifosi, foso or poso, bufosi,
mafo-sisa. rel. -foseza (foselize) to wrong someone, to offend: to sin against:
Mu ni ,vasw/e/e ni mifo.velize. please forgive me for offending you. ku fove.a
masife, to outrage. rec -fose-zana (fosezani) or (fosezanile) to wrong each
other. caus. -fosisa (fo-sisize) to mislead. to cause wrong int-stat. -fosahala
(fosahezi or fosa-halile) to hecome wrong, to be donc wrongly: k'u fovahalile,
the mistakc has heen made.
foso
or poso (li-) n. mistake. fault. sin (f'rom:-fosa)
-foufala
(foufezi) v.i, to become hlhid. to lose one's sight. der. sihofu, hubefu. caus.
-foufaza (fou-falize) to cause hlindness.
-fua-fua
(fua-fuile) v.i. (i) to be given to dilatoriness: to be slow when starth1g a
journey. der. Iifua-fua or lifuwa-fuwa. svn. Iiva-liva. (2) to walk heavily (as
s~;meone wcaring many skirts)
-fuama
(fuami or fuamile) v.i. (1) to come ashore (as a canoe), to land sat'ely:
Mukolo ú a ka ufi/ami fa li-kamha la Mulumho, my canoc is ashore at Mulumbo
landing place. (7) to become completed (as the hoehig of a garden): Wima la ka
i fi/ami kacenu, today my garden was ploughed up to the far end. cf. -fweka.
-fuba
(fubile) v.i. (t) to remain rax when cooked (as vegetable mar-ros s). (2) not
to grow well (mostly applied to underfed children). (3) to deteriorate becausc
of frost (fruit).
-fubela
(fubezi) v.i. to become red (eyes. fruit, sunset etc ...) der. mafube,
sifubelu, caus. -fubelisa (fubelisize) or -fubeza (fubelize) to cause to ~
Mbututu lo u nifubeli-,vize meto, kacem/ ha ni sika kona buloko, todav mv eyes
havc become red because the baby would not let me sleep at all.
fubelu,
adj. red: li.vila le lifutelu, red cloth: sometimes applied to dark yello~ and
gold: Pondo le fi/heh/, gold coin. (see: mafube bufubelu)
-fufa1
(fufile) v.i. to fly. to travel hs air. der. mufufisi, sifufaeti, mufufi-sezo,
mufufelo, mafufa. rel. -fufela (fufezi ) ( 1 ) to fls to: Bafi/fezi k; w
Luvaka, the\ have flown to Lusaka: (2) to throv dust all over somcone: C' sike
ú a nifulela nzall/li, do not throw dust ail ovcr me. caus. -fufisa (fufisize)
to cause to fl~: to pilot an aircraft. red -fufisa-fufisa (fufisa-fufisize) to
causc hirds to fl! here and there. to put
flight (as when shooting birds) int. -fufelelela (fufelelezi) to fls
awa~; (speaking ot'a croup of birds) red. -fufa-fufa ( fufa-fufile ) to tly
every now and then, here and there. rel. -fufa-fufela (fufa-fufezi) to fty
about. on or at (a place): Mai7uw-lala a fi/fa-fi/fela fa ndl/ la ka. the crows
are fising round the roof of mv house.
-fufa2
(fufile) v.i. to grow thh1: Mua-nana vo u futile hahull/, this child is very
thin. der. kafufeti. syn. -Ivanga.
-fufula~
(fufuzi) v.i. to boil over (as milk). to froth, to bubble up. fig. to be filled
to capacity: k'eleke i te i mane ki l e futi/la ni fa ml/lom/u thc Church is full
to the point of over-flowing into the porch.
-fufula2
(fufuzi) v.t. to blow dust awav. cf. -tutula.
-fufulelwa
(fufulezwi) v.i. to be sweating. der. mufufuzo. mufufu-lelwa. syn. -tengela,
-tukutelwa, sh-waluka. fig. to meddle. to hiterfcre unnecessarily: Wena u
fufl/lelaw cuani mw w litaha e si a hao7 w hv do you interfere in matters which
do not concern you?
-fufuluka
(fufulukile) ^.i. to sn ell again (as an old sore). syn. -sheshu-luka.
-fufumuka
(fufumukile) v.i. to sn etl (as fish going had). svn. -huhu-muha. fig. to flare
up h; rage.
-fufuna
(fufunile) v.t. to sniff around as dogs looking ttor remains of food.
-fufunya
(fufunyize) ^.t. to eat (as a horse, a pig etc . . )
-fuka1
(fukile) ú.i. to blo~ (s ind): Mol a u fi/ka hahl/ll/ h(7 h/ na ku .vi/a
kacenl/, the N ind is hlos ing too strongln, so N c shall not cross the river
tod;txs fig to run headlong: Munna l a 11 a n1nta A-i ku fi/t/7 i11gf niora, vthen this man runs he goes like the
wi11d. rel. -fukela (fukezi) to hlow to. h1 the direction of pass. -fukelwa
(fukezwi) to be at ease. to be comfortable: k'l/ fi/-keBtw ki mora, to be
refreshed hs a gentle X ind sp. exp. u fukelwe ki moya mas you enjov good
health.
-fuka2
(fukile) v.i. to be moved from the shore: Mukolo u fukile. the CanOe WLIS blown
ot't'-shore.
-fukeka
(fukekile) ú.t. to cover with a plate (as a clay pot). to put a grass roof on a
grain-bin. inv. -fukula (fukuzi) to uncover, to take off a lid. fig. exp. C'
sike ta fi/kula fateisi. ki litaba a luna ba habeli fela. do not reveal anything.
it is our secret.
-fukuka
(fukukile) v.i. to blow (as a gale )
-fukula
(fukuzi) v.t. to raise dust der. kafuko-fuko. fig. (t) to work vers hard (as
women in their fields) (2) to dance vtith passion.
-fukuza
(fukuzize or fukulize) v.t. (1) to reduce, to cut down (of expen-diture). to
lighten a load: Lieo ki enl inuani, mu fi/kuze kova batull/hi. we are short of
food. so reduce the number of paddlers. (2) to kili with a spear, to give the
last stroke to a wounded animal. ef. -cokoma. stat. -fukuzeha (fukuzehile) to
be de-creasing. to be reduced
-fula1
(fuzi) v.i. and v.t. to move a canoe from the shore: kl/ fi/la nil/kolog to set
out. to sail.
-fula2
(fulile) v.i. to cease having menses, to be past child-bearing
-fula3
(fulile) s.t. to graze, to t'eed on grass. der. mafulo, mafulelo. bufulo. fig.
exp. IYa h/ .va tokomeli. ha lu na kl/ hu fi/la ml/niasluahm it' we do not take
carc, we shall not see the end ot' the ve.lr lit: v e shall nor graze) rel.
-fulela ifulezi) to graze at or in (a
place): Munda likomu li fulela mwa mishitu, during the fiood cattle graze in
forest areas. caus. -fulisa (fulisize) to tend cattle while grazing. red.
-fula-fula (fula-fulile) to graze here and there for a short while. ref.
-lfulela (ifulezi) to graze without supervision.
fulaha
(ma-) n. heap. pile, cord: f.;/laha l~a litapi. a heap of fish: fulaha la
likota, a pile or cord ot' wood. svn. kuba.
fulai
(li-j n. Eng. aircraft, (flying machine)
fulalela
(fulalezi) v.t. to turn one's back on someone or something: I' sike wa fulalela
ml/tu l'o bulela ni rena, do not turn your back on the person you are talking
to. fig. to forsake, to abandon. pass -fula-lelwa (fulalezwi) to be abandoned.
-fulama
(fulami or fulamile) v.i. (1) to bow down decply. to be hent: SiXwana sifulami,
the caiabash is leaning to one side. (2) to cast spells early in the morning
(bowing forward and naked ac-cording to N ithcraft beliefs). der. kafulambi,
kafulandondo.
-fulana
(fulani or fulanile) v.i. ( i ) to gasp for breath as someone on the point of
death. (2) to blow in all di-rections (wind).
fulaulo,
n. F.ng. flour.
-fuleka
(fulekile) v.t. to incline a container in order to pour out the content.
fulemu
(li-) n. Eng. frame.
-fuluha
(fuluhile) v.t. to paddle. der. mufuluhi, sifuluhiso, mufuluhelo. rel. -fuluhela
(fuluhezi) to paddle towards: U .sike waJI/ll/hela nekl/ lili-linwi. do not
paddle on one sidc onls. caus. -fuluhisa (fuluhisize) to order or to help
someonc to padd le.
-fuluhela
(fuluhezi) >.i. to move back to the
flats after the flood (as opposed to 'ku-omboka' ); to go down from the forest
to the edge of the plain. caus. -fuluheza (fulu-helize) to cause or to help
some-one to move back to the flats. fig. to wash down food with a drink of
water.
-fulula
(fuluzi) v.t. see: -fuulula.
-fululela
(fululezi) v.t. to string or thread beads: Mu.vizana Iv ufulu-lela .vifah-a
sesinde, this gir1 is making a nice necklace. ssn. -hukela.
-fulumana
(fulumani or fulumanine) v.i. to menstruate for the first time, to attain
puberty. (A girl in that condition is called 'mwa-lyanjo' and during her
initiation is said to be: mwa 'sikenge').
-fulumeka
(fulumekile) v.t. to turn upside down: ku fulumeka pi,a, to turn the pot upside
down; to cover a vessel with a plate. inv. -fulumuna (fulumuzi or fulumunine)
to un-cover a vessel.
fulumo
(li-) n. Iining of a kilt or skirt, lining of any garment.
-fulumuka
(fulumukile) v.i. to begin to sound (verb used for royal drums: for ordinary
drums the verb used is: lila).
-fulumuna
(fulumuzi) v.t. to start sounding the royal drums: Utua se hafulumuna maoma,
listen they are starting to sound the roval drums.
-fulunyeka
(fulunyekile) or-funyeka (funyekile) v.t. to give grudgingis as a close fisted
person.
-fuma1
(fumile) v.t. to own, to pos-sess. Bv extension: to be well off. to be ~ealthy.
der. mufumi, bufumu svn. -lua or -luwa. rel. -fumela (fumezi) to acquire wealth
at (a place) or from (a person): Silih) u il'o fumela kea Bulawal op Sililo has
acquircd his wcalth at Bulawayo caus.
-fumisa (fumisize) to causc someone to acquire wealth: Mule-ki.vi l ani ki luna
lu mt/funlisi-es that trader has acquired wealth through our dealing with him.
pass -fumiswa (fumisizwe) to be en-riched by: Mutu a/) ufi/miviawe ki lftars
this person was enriched by tradBlg fish.
-fuma2
(fumile) v.i. to become rusty. to become blunt: Tipa l~a ka i Jumile, mv knife
is blunt. der. mafumi. caus. -fumisa (fumisize) to cause bluntness: A ni lati
kuli u se-helive tira la ka, u ka ifumi.va, I do not want vou to use mv knife.
for you will make it blunt.
-fumana
(fumani or fumanile) v.t. (1) to find. to discovcr: Ni fi/mani ngu zea ka re ne
latehile, I have found my sheep which was lost: Ni funiani haluti ha i/e. I
found the teachers alreadv gone. (2) to re-ceive as payment: Mufumani bukai fa
kon1l/ r e ne mu lekiva? how much did vou get for the cattle you were selling?
(3) to give a decision after hearing (a casc etc . .): Mwa taha mo nifumana
kuli vifovi ki mu.vali. i n this case I find that the offender is the N oman.
rel. -fumanela (fuma-nezi) to find something for some-one: kana a n1l/ koni ku
nili/nianela muveke:i ko niu heleka" can't vou fhad me work with your
emploner'9 caus. -fumanisa (fumanisize) to cause or to help someone to find: to
cause someonc to receine (a zift etc . .) stat. -fumaneha (fumane-hile) to be obtainable:
to becomc perceptible, esident: Li.vila le lifi/-oraneha kai'<shere is this
materkil obtainahie'? ref. -lpumana ( ipumani ) to find out ahout oneself: Ni
ir)u-mana ml/latm I find myscif guilty. rel. -ipumanela (ipumanezi) to find for
oneself, by one's own means
-fumba
(fumbile) v.i. to plan. to think over, to consider: Mu.vali lto u fistha ku la
haho unomvaha this woman pians to go home this year der. mufumbo. svn. -lumba.
rel. -fumbela (fumbezi) to threaten, to menace: Na fumbela ku hulal a mutu, he
was threatening to kill someone, rel. -fumbelela (fumbelezi) to threaten
someone: Kiiri s'o nr fumhelela ewalo:' why do y ou thrcaten mc likc that"
caus. -fum-bisa (fumbisize) or-fumbelisa (fum-belisize) to cause someone to be
threatened: Kini .ve si ku fumhelisa ku hulala mutu lo? why are you threatening
to kill this man? rec. -fumbelana (fumbelani) to threaten each other.
-fumbata
(fumbatile) v.i. to sprout (kaffir corn ctc . . .) rel. -fumbatela fumbatezi)
fig. to grasp in the hand: (' fumbate-iiri mwa licoho? what are vou grasping in
vour hand'? inv. -fumbutula ( fumbutuzi ) to open one's hand or someone else's
hand. int. -fumbutulula (fum-butuluzi) to open the hand com-pletelv. rel.
-fumbutululela (fumbu-tululezi) to open the hand to. to give w illingly: Mu
funihl/tl/lulele ha-hotana ma-oho a n7inafi open vour hands wide to the poor,
give gene-rousiv poor
-fumbuka
(fumbukile) v.i. to be hulging. swollen out (stomach. conical trap filil of
fish. etc . . .)
-fumpa
(fumpile) v.t. to put all the relish in the pot without keeping anv ior further
use.
-fumpama
(fumpami or fumpamile) v.i. to coll;lpse: Bunata h; w mandu a funl/~anli
hakeirisa mola oml/tuna nrakani, manv houses collapsed vesterday hec;luse of
the hurri-cane.
-fumpeka
(fumpekile) v.t. (1) to catch birds
under whino~sing bas-kets. (9) to make f'all. collapse.
-fumyana
(fumvanile) v.i. to stink. to emit an offensive smell: Se.vifi/-nriana fa
kiiri? what is stinkmg here ? eaus. -fumyanisa (fumyani-size) to cause an
of'fensive smeil.
-funa
(funile) v.t. to break into chips (cassava roots. etc . . .): mewnja ua ku
funa. cassava chips. rel. -funela (funezi) to ~ for someone. eaus. -funisa
(funisize) to help to ~. stat-funeha
(funehile) to be poundable: Muanja wo ha u funehi kakuli ha u ~ika onra hande,
this cassava cannot be easilx pounded because it is not quite dr!. syn. -sita
stat.
-funda1
(fundile) v.t. to trace aline on the groulid with the foot. der. mu-funda.
-funda2
(fundile) v.t. to steal some-thing from a relative. (f'ormerls this was not
held as an offence): l' fundile konru la malunrahe, he has stolen a cow from
his maternal uncle. der. mufundi lifunda. rel. -fundela (fundezi) to steal on
some-one-s behalf: Komu le ni i funde.i ku funranela nawanta ka mali a sikolo,
I have stolen this cow in order to pav mv child's school fees.
-fundela
(fundezi) v.t. to trace a line round a wild fruit tree to ensure the harvest
for oneseif. to protect crops from thieves bx means of charms. to protect
landing places from crocodiles. der. mufundeli si-funda. rel. -fundelela
(fundelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -fundelisa (fundelizise) to use charms in
order to harm people through dif'-ferent means (lightning. snakes. crocodiles.
etc . . .) inv. -fundulula (funduluzi) to remove the cursc from one ~s ho accideiltalls
inter-fered v ith protected crops.
-fundota
(fundotile) v.t. to hawk. to trade to peddle. to advertise svn. -bapaza. rel.
-fundotela (fundotezi) to trade on someone's behalf.
-funduka
(fundukile) v.i. to set out to go off. to leave: Mu ta funduka ka nako nrairi?
what time will sou set off?
-fundula
(funduzi) v.t. to see some-one off. to order or allos someone to leave to bid
fareweil to some-one.
-funga
(fungile) v.t. to tie up to bind to fasten: Ml/ X 'ofunga nrana-mani, go and
tether the calves. der. mufungi mufungululi mufungulelo lifungelo lifunga. cf.
-tama. rel. -fungela (fungezi) to tie for some-one or at (a place). eaus.
-fungisa (fungisize) to order or to help someone to ~. int. -fungelela (fungelezi) to tie up all the
cattic for the night. inv. -fungulula (fung-uluzi) to untie to unbind (cattle.)
tva set free.
-fungula
(funguzi) v.t (1) to send someone on a speckil errand or service. (2) to
condemn someone to death. (3) to order the slaughter of cattie: Bo ndate ha
fi/ngu.i kos~zu ~u hona kuli lu i hulaye, my f'ather has ordered us to
slaughter his cow. der. mufunguli.
-funguluka
(fungulukile) v.i. to fall (as the belly before the birth of a child)
-funjela
(funjezi) v.i. to eat greCdil! and regardiess of others. der. ma-funjo nefunjo.
-funkunya
(funkunyize) or -funva (funvize) v.t. to chex large mouth-f'ulls of sof't food
(such as svseet-potatoes). der. mafunvangulu.
-funya
(funyise) v.i. to loiter. to linger. to paddle lazily: Mu .vike nr^za fi/nia. a
nru hone nu/kolo wa r enr(l do not paddle lazily. Look the canoe is slowing down. -funva-funya
(funya-funvize) to linger about. to delay. eaus. -funva-funyisa
(funya-funsisize) to cause someone to linger or delay.
-funya2
(funvize) v.t. to masticate.
-funya3
(funsize) v.i. to dance. freq. -funyaka (funyakile) or -funyakela (funyakezi)
to perform anything with great exertion (~ with special reference to dancing).
-funyuka
ifunyukile) v.i. to get bent. deformed (shoes): Silaho va ka si funl ukile
Irahulu, my paddle has got badly bent. spec exp. Litalka la fi/-niuka kono ha
li hvhehi, the reed bends. but does not break. der. sa-funyuka.
-funyuna
(funvuzi) v.t. to bent. to deform to dam;lge. ef. -fonyona.
-funyungula
(funyunguzi) or -ifu-nyungula (ifunyunguzi) v.i. to dance. svn: -bina, -funva
-fupa
(fupile) v.t. to strike some-thing bv throwing a stick: to kill with one stroke
(hirds. etc . . .) rel. -fupela ifupezi) to ~ f'or someone: U ni fi/Ssele
nlunmvani lani, strike that hird for me. freq. -fupaka (fu-pakile) or -fupaula
(fupauzi) or ~ repeatedls.
-futa~
(futife) v.i. to begin to deCa!
-futa2
(futile) v.t. (1) to blow: A mu t'o nifuta nrua lfito come and bloz in mv eve
(to remove some foreign matter): ku fi/ta kandela, to hlo~ a candle out: (2) to
blow through a hlocked pipe. rel. -futela i futezi ) to blovs on behalf of
someone. eaus. -futisa (futisize) to help someone to hlow when unblocking
pipes.
-futama
( futami or tutamile ) ú .i. (1) to be in proccss of ferment;ltion (as grain
used in hren ing). (2) to ripcn (as unripe fruit kept under ground or in thick
grass).
-futeka
(futekile) a.t. to let ferment ing uraill mautre to put ullripc fruit
undergroulid f'or it to ripen
-futuka
(futukile) v.i. to be chaliging position to be chaligilig sides. to be turned
backwards. to be upside down: Muanana vo u Jr/tr/kile ln nu/nrheta, this child
is sleeping the vsrong \ a! round.
-futukela
(futukezi) v.t. to turn ag ainst someolic. rec. -futukelana (futukelani) to
turn against each other. ref. ifutukela (ifutukezi) as ree.
-futula
(futuzi) v.t. to reverse the position of to change sides to turn backvsards or
upside down. to turn round: A nu/ fi/ tule nuckolo, turn the canoe round. fig.
(1) to go back on one's exidence (as in the expression: kututulanza.vina . Iit:
to turn the roots up) to put the cart before the horse. (2) to cast a speil on
someone to makc him senseless.
-futumala
(futumezi) v.i. to get warm to be snarm: ISarenu kea fi/-tun1ala, it is warm
toda!: nae i a fu-tuma/a, X arm water. der. mufutu-mazi mufutumala. rel.
pass-futu-maleiwa (futumalezwi) to be com-fortably warm: BuvEhu ha ni vika
futumaielwa likuh(y a ka .ve li.vu/~ezi, last night I was not warm enough for
mv blankets have become thin. caus. -futumaza (futumalize) to warm up: Amu
futumaze tubisi, please warm up a little milk.
-fuulula
(fuuluzi) v.t. to kill to finish off ailing stock: to (accidentally) kill old
or infirm people: Pulu ve ha i safola, mu y 'o ifualula, this ox is unlikely to
heal so go and slaugh-ter it: Mu .vike mwa lwani.sa mueenr-bele vo, rrru ka
mufuulula, do not fight with this old man or you might finish him off. rel.
-fuululela
(fuululezi) to ~ for some one. caus. -fuululisa (fuululisize) to order or to
help to ~.
-fuumuka
(fuumukile) v.i. to swim fast (fish); to run fast (person) rel. -fuumukela
(fuumukezi) to run fast towards. caus. -fuumukisa (fuumu-kisize) to cause to
run fast.
-fuwa-fuwa
(fuwa-fuwile) v.i. to be late in starting a journey. der. lifuwa-fuwa.
-fuyaula
(fuyauzi) or -fuyola (fuyozi) v.t. to bless: Mulimu a mi fuyole God bless you
(refers also to an aged person blessing his or her offsring, blessing which is
usually accompanied by a gentle spitting) der. mbuyoti. syn. -tohono-lofaza.
-fuyuka
(fuvukile) v.i. (1) to be cx-hausted. tircd: (2) to be rcduced hl hulk as
foodstuffs after long cook-ing. caus. -fuyula (fuyuzi) or-fu!u-kisa
ifuvukisize) (1) to exhaust: .Uu.vebe:; wo, u nifulu:i, this work has cxhausted
me. (2) to be able to perfornl a heav~; dut~a Mu.vehe:i uo, ni uJi/lu:i, I have
becn able to finish this difficult work. fig to tame. to brcak in a strong
charac-ter int. -fuyukelela (fuyukelezi) to be completel! exhaustcd: fig to
becomc tractable. tamc (Xnith ref-ercnce to a wild character).
fuzana
(ba-) n. poor. indigcnt person. syn. mubotana.
-fuzela
(fuzezi) v.t. (1) to blow the fire: Banana nn/ u 'o fi/:ela n1///i/o u ka tinza
childrcn. go and hlo~ thc fire for it might go out. (2) to IlliX 'hulache'
~sith milk (as in the ex-precsion: ku fi/:ela huirohe!. der, mufuzeli. rel.
-fuzelela (fuzelezi) to ~ for someolle cuas. -fuzelisa (fu-zelisize) to order
ot to help to ~.
-fwacuka
(fwacukile) ú.i. to be rc-ie.lsed. to be sprung (as a snare) Katwn ka f aeukile. the snare has sprung.
-fwacula
(fwacuzi) v.t. to release a snare.
-fwakaela
(fwakaezi) v.i. to tramp: H'a na mulalo vakata u twakaela fela inge nxunl uani.
he has no-where to livc and is X anderinrl ahout just like a hird. der.
sifwaku-fwaku.
-fwakuka
(fwakukile) v.i. to die (animals): .Vja l a ka i feakukile ms dog has perished.
(This verb is not applied to human beings except in contempt.)
-fwalinganya
(fwalinganyize) or -fwalingela (fwalingezi) v.t. to rum-mage, to throw things
about.
-fwanjingela
(fwanjingezi) v.t. as -fwanyaula.
-fwankula
(fwankuzi) v.i. to run at full speed. caus. -fwankulisa (fwan-kulisize) to
cause to ~: Se vi mu fuankl/liva eualo kini'i what is making him run so fast'?
-fwanyafwanya
(fwanyafwanvize ) v .t. to d a lilage: h'i nrairi l a f is an ! a-tuanli:e
vi:unra va ka7 who has dalilaged my hasket'? syn. -fonya-fonya.
-fwanyaula
(fv anvauzi) v.t. to damage. to spoil. syn. -sinva.
-fwanyinga
(fwanyingile) or -fwa-nyingela (fwanyingezi) v.t. to scamp something, to do
something carelessl! (in reference to building and thatching) fig. to give an
un-satisfactor! hearillg to a casc: I itaha ra ka ha li fizamingile ku h00n11/,
the hearing of m! case ~XIS purposcls misman;lged. ssn. -fv anjingela. rel.
-fwan~ingelela (fwanyingelezi) to do ;; certaill piece of work carelessl! for
some-one.
-fwanata
(fwairati/e) ú.1 (i) to hold tightl!, to grip somcolle N ith both hands: (I .vike wa ni feunata cwalo, do not
hold me so tightly: (2) to heip oneself indiscreetly to some-thing. svn.
-fanata.
-fweka
(fwekile) v.i. & v.t. to land. to come or to be ashore: Ba lisepe ba
fwekile mahani the paddlers landed yesterday: to bring (a canoe or a barge)
ashore: A mu fweke mukolo kapili kubu ki lteo. quickly bring the canoe to the
shore for a hippo is coming. der. Iifwekelo. rel. -fwekela (fwekezi) to land
at, on: BafuluXi batweke i kwu Mulamba the paddlers have landed at Mulamba.
caus. -fwekisa (fwekisize) to order or to help someone to land.
-fwempauka
(fwempaukile) v.i. to walk hurriedly. rel. -fwempaukela (fwempaukezi) to walk
hurriedly to (a place): Mutu l ani u
Juempuu-kela kai? where is that person hur-ryhig to? caus. empaukisa ( fwem-paukisize)
to cause someone to walk hurriedly.
-fwempula
(fwempuzi) v.t. to snatch. to take without permission, to seizc quickly (as
someone out of temper): Ki mairi IU til'o Juen1pula muXuma ua kafa7 who has
taken away my hoe without permission?
-fwifwilikana
(fwifwilikanile) v t to act greedilv: Mu sike mew /iviJwili-kana huhohe ho
eualo, mu tshele ni i1ti ahele hona hande don't hurry to the food like that
wait until I givc you vour share. cf: -tubilikana.
-fwisauka
(fwisaukile) v.i. to spill (out of): Me-i a mea hemele a fei-sauka, the water
is spilling out of the bucket.
<div>G
G g
pronounced as 'g' in 'get' In Silozi 'g- always combines with 'n' i.e:
Ngawhela, ngana, ngongo, etc. with a few exceptions for words of foreign
origin.
gauda
(li-) n. Afrik. gold. fig. ans tuko. valuable thing.
gavana or gabana (ma- or li) n. Eng. goverrnor
(obs)
-gintuka
(gintukile) v.t. Toka-l.era. to dance with great exertion (especially at a beer
party). der. mugintuko
<div>H
H h
pronounced as in the aspirate 'h' at thc beginning of a word in English i.e. hand, heaven. etc... In the
.ase of adverbs. how ever, such as: hahulu, ham0ho~ etc . the initial 'h' is
hardin audible.
ha!
neg. part. not. Ha ni vihi, I do not kno~.
ha2,
pref. of adverbs derived from adjectives and numbers: Hande, vvell: hanata,
often: haheli, twice; halalu, three times, etc . ..
ha3,
conj. (1) w hen Ha h/ Jlta. w hen ú e arrive: (2) if: Ha ha lata. if thex like:
(3) prefix or úufTix of word.s formilig a collJunction: HaSha, if, hl case:
haisi, except, unless: hai-ali, eversince, never: niha. al-though. even if:
niha ili. kapa . . either . or (after a negation): neither.. nor..
ha4,
interj. of surprise. ah' ha.'
-habalala
(habalalile) v.i. to look hungry (a tall person with a fhit stomach). spec.
exp. Ku hahalala n1uaysaka, to look thin and hungrs altilough ~ell dressed in a
suit: to walk with a stoop.
-habelela
(habelezi) s.t. to monopo-lise. to clahil a larger share than that ginen t'rom
the estate of a dead relative: to stand for .syn. -amenena.
habeli,
adv. twice
habo,
adv. (i) at one's home: hako l uhin~ia, at Lubinda's home: u ile haho, he has
gone home, (?) úhabo' combhies N ith emphatic pronouns thus: haho hma, at our
home: habo nlina, at xour home: haho hona, at their holile: (3) 'habo' combines
with possessive pronouns thus uwhaho, halraho, a relation. relations of his:
uahaho h/na. hahaho lIH111, tI rchltion. rclations of ours. etc . . cf.
mwanahabo.
-habula
(habuzi) ^.t. to eat (draining liquid from the hand)
habusa,
ads. the follox ing da! (re-ferring to the night giving wa! to da~s n )
hae]
(ma-) n. (i) home: .Vi sn kea hae. I am going home: Jolotolo la nlvtn hae,
domestic animal. (9) ad. haesl/, at mx home: haenu, at vour home. (3) used with
possessive pronouns: ú ahe.su, bahe.su, relation. relations of mine: uahem/,
hahenu, reiatioll, relations of yours, etc . . . cf. mwanahesu. (4) nruae.sl/,
nru-haem/. my your companion, felloB worker. (5) interj. bahesu! I sav' idiom.
exp. ku kena n1;z~a hae, to get paid. to have good luck.
hae2,
poss. pron. 3d person singular (class: mu-ba) his. her: .N'ja la hae, his dog:
ml/heleki wa hae, her ser-vant.
hafu
(ma-) n. Eng. half: Munitefe/a kea teiri hafi/, give me only half of it.
-hafula
(hafuzi) v.t. Fng. to cut in v o: to cut off a piece (of some-thing) from
(something). to reduce. to halve
-hahuha
(hahuhile) v.i. to get torn (applied to V oven materials): Baki la ka i
hahuhile, my jacket is torn. ef. -pazuha. freq. -hahaula (ha-hauzi) to tear to
pieces again and agam.
-hahula
( hahuzi) s.t. to tear, to rend. to lacerate: .Vja le i hahu:i henrhe la ka,
this dog has torn ms shirt. ef. -pazula.
hahulu.
adv. (1) much: Muluti lo u latew hahull/ ki hatu, this teacher is much loved hs
peopie: too much: l' .silse ua lunga haXull/ li:uai nrew husunso, do not put too
much salt hl the relish: (n) Chicil!^ eSPe"i;ill!' particularl!: cf.
sihulu. (3) When follo~sing all adJective or all adverh. hahl/ll/ stands for
vers: i' seheli:e hande hahl/ll/, he worked v er! well
haiba,
conj. if (used in a conditional clausc) Haiha u lata kl/ taha. u tahe kamuso, if you want to come, come tomorrovv.
svn. kaba.
-haila1
(hailile) v.t. to poulid grain quickly.
-haila2
(hailile) v.t. to cause great de-struction (as someone killing many birds in
one shot, or lightning making havoc of cattle, or an angry person breaking
household goods): Pula i hailile likonru zeirata mu.n mulaka wa bo ndate,
lightning killed many cattle in my father's kraal.
haili,
conj. as for, as regards, with regard to: Haili wena u kutele ku eza cwalo, as
far as you are con-eerned you will obviously do the same agam.
-haina
(hainile) v.t. Eng. to iron,
haisali,
conj. since: Haisali busa, hakuna se ni cile, I did not eat ans-thing since
early this morning. syn. isamba.
haisi,
conj. unless, apart. except. then: Hakuna la ka eza cwalo, haivi sipulunruki,
nobody would do so, apart from a stupid person: Haisi wena, ki munian'a hao' if
it is not you, then It is your brother: Hakuna l a ka kona nru.sebe,i wo, haisi
wena, nobody might do that work except you.
-haka1
(hakile) v t Sotho. to forget pass. -hakwa (hakilwe): Ni hakilwe ki litaba I
forgot the matter (The passive form is commonly used )
-haka2
(hakile) v.t. to handcuff: Ki lisholi lo. ha mr/ hakile lisimhi, this man is a
thief. they have hand-cuffed him.
hakakarii
adv. Sotho. so much: Ni mu lata hakakani? I love her so much '
hakana
adv. so mans times (as shown hy the number of fingers extended): see: hukana.
-hakanyeha
(hakanyehile) v.i. to become confused,
mixed up; to come or go at the wrong time; to be out of time (music) caus.
-haka-nyisa (hakanyisize) to confuse, to embarrass
haketalizoho,
adv. five times
-hakuluha
(hakuluhile) v.i. to melt (fat, etc ); to thaw (ice, etc ) syn. -shengunuka.
pass. -hakuluhelwa (hakuluhezwi) to get warm
-hakulula
(hakuluzi) v.t. to remind someone of a forgotten matter. to correct someone's
misinterpreta-tion: IYi na ya mu hakuluzi, na sa timelezwi sa na ka bulela; I
took him back to the point, for he had forgotten what to say
-hakulusa
(hakulusize) v.t. to melt, to warm up.
hakuswani,
hakuswanyani, adv. con-cisely, briefly.
-halal
(halile) v.t. to rake, to gather sweepings. der. hala. rel. -halela (halezi) to
~ for someone caus. -halisa (halisize) to order or to help to ~
hala2
(li-) n. rake (from -hala)
-halala
(halalile or halazi) v.t. to be discontended with something (in-adequate wages,
rations or bar-gains): Ni halala .sico, I am discontended with my ration der.
muha-lali. caus.
-halalisa
(halalisize) to displease, to dissatisfy someone
-halaleha
(halalehile) v.i. Sotho. (1) to be holy der. sihalaleo. (2) to Iook fine
(especially of Africans born with a light complexion). cf. -buheha, -kateleha.
halalu,
adv. three times
hali,
prep. (1) mwahali, inside. among, between: Mu vo mateha ndu mwahali, go ar’d
plaster inside the house; mwahali a batu, among the people; mwahali n. mandu
so, between those houses (2) fahali, in
the middle, across: Mu pume muluwani fahali a simu, cut the boundary across the garden.
-halifa
(halifile) v.i. to become angry, to fly into rage: Mutu yo u halifa fela, this person flies into
a ragc for nothilig der. kalifo. cf. -twima, -nyema, rel. -halifela (hal-ifezi)
to be angry with somcone to be anerv for some leÀlsoll: Mrr sike nrita rri
/urlrfehr el~(r/o~ do not be so angrv with mc caus. -halifisa (halifisize) to
mÀlke someone angrys to irritate. rec. -halifisana (halifisani or
halifisallile) to irri-tÀltC eÀlch other
-halika
(halikile“ ¥.t. to fryv to roast der. mahalikwa. fig. to keep somcone wÀliting
long in thc sun. to work long undel ÀI bÀlkillg SUI1. rel.
-halikela
(halikezi) to~ for someone caus. -halikisa (halikisize) to ordcr or to help
someolic to~. fig to cause someolle to wait hl thc ¥un. int. -halikela
(halikelezi) to~ the whole lot.
halimu,
adv. (1) kwahalhnrr. above upwÀlrds 'I`alinur kwaluliDnr/, look upwÀlr(is (if
iliside ÀI house ll/Wa-lralhnr/' will be used) spec exp. Ku felel(/
nilw(ril(rlDnin to be startled (') fall(rlinlrr a on top of Falr((linru a
lilurldl/, oll the sumillit of thc hill: ovcl l/ ni Ive.i falialinil/. he fell
ovel me: tkA) hl addition to fahalimu a ze bulezvvi, ni sa ekeza taha itinwi:
hl additioll to what has heell said. I add yet another point der. Iihalimu.
halishumi,
adv. ten times
-halula
(haluzi) v.t.t to speak angrily to someone (as a quick tempcred person).
-hama
(hamile) v.t. to milk. fig. to overcome
someone (as in a fight). to render powerless der. muhami, ilikami, sihameh),
kamelo, muha-melo, rel. -hamela (hamezi) to milk for. caus. -hamisa (hamisize)
to order or to help someone to milk. freq. -hamaka (hamakile) to milk a cow
repeatedlya regardless of its calf inv. -hamulula (hamu-luzi) to milk again. a
second or third thile. syn. -napulula.
hamoho,
(1) conj. with Mo y'o leke-hwla lizn(/i ll(lmoho rli nil/lola. go and huy salt
with some soap. (2) adv. together. at the same time: Burl(te ki ku kalo
ll(nnollo ni ha b(l/lWi, the best wav is to beein at thc same time as others
-hamuka
(hamukile) or hamuha (hamuhile) v.i. to get squeezed, wrulig (as wet clothes)
to be emp-tied (ÀIS howels of a slaughtered animal).
-hamula
(hamuzi) v.t. to squeeze; to w ring (out). to dischargtz the contents of: to
press heavilv on: Mu vo h((lril/la likubo ze ta/7i.sizlce. go and wring out the
washed: blankets ku h(mil/l(l lel1ll0le. to squeeze lemon rel. -hamulela
(hamulezi) to squeeze for some-one caus. -hamulisa (hamu(ha-mulisize) to order
or to help someone to~. int. -hamulelela (haF mulelezi) to squeeze thoroughly
hamulahoz
adv. afterwÀlrds. later: Ni ka mi bona hamulaho, I shall see you later. cf.
mwamulaho.
-hana
(hanile) v.t. to refusez to denv. to disclailil. to resist Ne ey 1(1r(l kl/
~s1l/ sil~(ll(l, kosl(7 1/ Il(l/lile; I wanted to marrv het. hut she re-fused.
der. kan›, muhanelo. rel. -hanela (hanezi) to sav no to: to refuse something
from: Ba ml/ h(lriezi kupo laa h(lez they hÀlVC
turned down his request: Mu(ul'(l ka u ni h(lriezi lico m(lharlis IllY
child refused food vesterdav caus. -hanisa (hanisize) to forhid~ to prevent Ki
pula ye rli harlisize ku taha mabarli, rain prevented my coming yesterday. int.
-hanelela (ha nelezi) to refuse definitely. rec. -hanana (hanani or hananile)
to dis-agree with, to dislike each others to be at variance: to divorce. freq.
-hananga to have the habit of re-fusing, of denying. ref. -ikanisa ( ikanisize)
to deprive oneself of something: Mwanana yo u ikanisa ku ca kakuli u nvemile,
this child re-fuses to eat, because he is vexed.
hande,
adv. wells rightly, gentlyb etc ... Kunola hande, to write well: Mu ezize hande
ha mu tile kwanu, you were right in coming here: Mu .vwa/e hande mbututu, hold
the baby gently. Ki hande, well done ! Hande-hande or hande-nde. very well:
hande hahulu, beautifully, perfectly.
hane,
adv. four times.
-hanelela
(banelezi) v.t. (1) to stick to, to persist against opposition Yena mwa bupaki
bwa hae u hane-lezi mwa niti, when giving evidence he stuck to the truth (2) to
refuse definitely. caus. -haneleza (hanele-lize) to cause someone to stick to
something, to constrain someone
-hangula
(hanguzi) v.t. to drink beer syn. nwa, kokola.
hanu,
lihanu (ma-) n. the inside of the mouth; mwahanu, in the mouth: U .vike wa ni
kena mwahanu, do not interrupt me while I speak
-hanyeza
(hanyelize) v.t. to oppose, to disapprove, to disagree, to pro-test: Na na
hanyeza mwa miFupulo ya mina, I myself disagree with your views der. muhanyezi,
ka-nyezo, mahani or mahanyi.
hanyinyani,
adv. a little, sparingly, nearly: ku tusa han! invani, to give a litile help:
hanyinvani ni holofale, I nearly got hurt.
ha–ata,
adv. many times, often, generally. neg. / vi hanata, seldomb rarely.
ha–wi,
adv. once. Ni i ezize hanwi, I did it once
-hapa
(hapile) v.t. to capturez to conquer! to despoil: Sapili Malozi ne ba hapanga
likomu ni batus for-merly Malozi used to capture cattle and slaves. der.
muhapiz mu-hapiwa! mahahapa. fig. to find out by spying, to acquire knowledge
of: Ku hapa miFupulo ya batu. to find out people's intentions, rel.-hapela
(hapezi) to take from, to capture: to acquire for: Ba lu hapezi likomu za luna
ka bu–ata, they have captured a lot of cattle from us; u hapezi bana ba hae
liluo leli–ata, he has acquired great wealth for his children caus. -hapisa
(hapisize) to assist in cap-turing; to cause people and cattle to be captured
int. -hapelela (ha-pelezi) to capture the lot stat ¥ig. -hapeha (hapehile) to
become con-vinced: Ni hapehile ka manzwi a' bulezi mutu yo, I am convinced bv
what that man said hapeha also means to get addicted to.
hape,
adv. again, a new: hape ni hape, again and again.
-hapeleza
(hapelelize) or-hapilikeza (hapilikelize) v.t. to compel, to force, to constrain:
Mu sike mwa ni hapeleza ku nyalwa ku munna ve ni .va /ati, do not force me to
marry a man I do not love. der. kapelezo. syn. -subalala, -subama. ref. -ikapew
leza (ikapelelize) to force oneself to do something,
-hasa
(hasize) v.t. to sow by throw-ing seeds all over a garden: to broadcast seeds all ovcr k'umu.sa ni I (*
hasa mahele nrua .sinu/ l a ka, to-morrou I an1 going to sow kaffir-corn in mx
mirdcn. fig. to spread neus. rel. -haseza (haselize) to ~ for some011e caus.
-hasisa ( hasi-size) to order or to help someonc to ~. int. -haseleza (haselelize) to sou all the
seeds. freq. -hasaka (ha-sakile) fig to spread neus rcpcat-cd i!
-hasana
(hasani or hasanile) v.i. to dispersc: to become scattered ias people aftcr a
galtherilig. or cattle . ) fig. to be spreadhag (news. rul11ors, etc . .) rel.
-hasanela (ha-sanezi) (1) to run aw;ly (from): Bana ha hae ha nrl/ ha.sane:i,
his childrell have deserted him. (2) to sc;lttcr in or to: Bahe.su kau/ela ha
ha.iane i wszuw njanji, all my rela-tions have scattered along the iinc of
rail. pass-hasanelwa (hasanezwi) to be ab;lndoncd. deserted bv. int.
-hasanelela (hasanelezi) to become colilpletely dispersed. ref. -lkasa-nela
(ikasanezi) to be dispcrsing in or to (in reference to a vill;lge commilnitv
uhose members arc deserting OWilig to discord).
-hasanya
(hasansize) v.t. to dis-perse, to publi;h fig. to spread (neus) f;lr and u ide.
-hasula',
(hasuzi) v.t. to strike. to beat uitll a canc.
-hasula2,
(hasuzi) v.i. to hurry (as somconc sel1t on urgcnt business): Ml/ ha.u/le
leela, nrl/ ,sike mea keh/-lrela kol~-uinsi. go straight to yollr
destill.ltioin do not go ;lnyuhere ()Llt ol' \ otlr \\r;1\.
-hata
(hatile) v.i. & ú.t. to tread. to set the foot doun: to ualk on s.ll11;1N.1
h.lilde vI k~l h.lt;l biltl~. x~.tlh .alefulln lest you tread on peopic's tocs
der. muhato. muha-telo. fig. to overcol11es to beat. to surpass: ,11u a ta(ubo la luna ki na ra ha
hatile unonrlfwh(ls m our exan1ll1-.ltion I beat them all this vear. caus. -hatisa (hatisize ) (1) to cause someone to tread or
turn over: l' anraise hande u ka hati. a hatu nrota, drive slou Iy lest you
rul1 over pcopic. (') to print (see: -hatisa) int. -hatelela (hatelezi) fig.
(1) to beat completely: Yena u ha hatele:i kal/Jela msca .s-itopa sa hona, he
zot the best rcsults of all h1 his Ci;lSS: (2) to 'boss- someone: Na ha ni lati
nrl/.sali ku ni hatelela, I don't likc to be 'bossed' by a uoman. rec.
-hatelana (hatelani) to become pressed (doun), rammed: Bupi hu hatelsmi mea
,si:uma, thc mealie me;ll has been pressed doun in thc basket. freq. -hataka
(hatakile) or -hatikela (hatikezi) to tread under fo ot ag;tin and again. syn.
-lyating-ela.
-hatisa
thatisize) to print. der. mu-hatisi, katiso. muhatisezo. rel. -hati-seza
(hatiselize) to print for some-one or for some rc;tson.
-hauhela
( hauhezi ) v.t. Sotho. to h;tve pity UpO11. to forgive. der. muhau. syn.
-shemuba. cf: -swalela.
-hazela
(hazezi) v.i. Sotho. to become cold: h'avenu milkl/li u ta ha:ela ml/ nrl/ te
kuho sa huheli, to-day the patient u ill feel the cold. so give him an extra
bianket. der. muhazela. cf. -bata. caus. -hazelisa (hazelisize) to causc
someone to be cold.
-heba
ihebile) s.t. to start to cut a neu forest gardell. svn. -shendeka. rel.
-hebela (hebezi) t;) ~ for somc-one. caus. -hebisa (hebisize) to hcipt() ~.
-heha-heba
iheba-hebile) v.i. to run aroulid (as a uem;ll1 rcjoichig or in, distress . .
or as a cou looking for its c;llf) der. muheba-hebi. rel. -
heba-hebela
(heba-hebezi) to run somewhere: komu lani i heha-hehela kuw mulaka ku nruan'a lona,
that cow is runl1ing to the kraal. to her calf. caus. -heba-hebisa
(heba-hebisize) to causc someone to ~
-hela
( helile ) or -hela-hela ( hela-helile) or -helana (helani) or -helima
(helimile) or heluma (helu-mile) v.i. to rambic. to wander about u ithout
purpose. der. muhela-heli, mahela, mihela. caus. -helisa (helisize),
-hela-helisa (hela-helisize), -helanisa (helanisize), he-limisa (helimisize),
-helumisa (helu-misize) to cause someone to ~.
-helula
(heluzi) v.t. to remove thc-decayed part of a fruit beforc eating.
-hema
(hemile) s.i. to ualk fast. syn. -akufa. rel. hemela (hemezi ) to hurry to, to
hasten to caus. -hemisa (hemisize) to cause some-one to ~
hembe
(li-) n. Afrik. shirt hemele, lihemele (ma-) n. bucket. pail.
-heta
(hetile) v.i. (usually -iheta (ihe-tile) to turn the hcad backuards. to look
behind. svn. -setuka, -temuna.
hewa!
hewa-hewa! interj. of jon (as whcn someone finds something that uas lost or
wcicomes a child home).
-hobeka
(hobokile) v.i. to simulatc fear and run (as children at pias): to flee in fcar
of someone syn. -saba. rel. -hobokela (hobokezi) to flee to . int. -hobokelela
( hohoke-lezi) to run away for good.
-hoha
(hohile) v.t. (1) to pull. to dretu (a sledge. ctc ...) to haul (up): A nrl/
hohe nrr/kolo. haul up the canoe. der. n1uhohis mahoha, si-hohiso, sihoho,
kohano. (') to inhale (as snuff or hemp): to drink beer heartily. (3) to attract. to fascinate:
Ya na ni .srshenro kanlita u hoha hatl/, a kind heart alu ays at-tracts people.
rel. -hohela (hohezi) to pull touards: to pull for SOlilC-onc: Hohela nil/krvio
kuw likanilel. haul thc ca!10e to the shorc: }'a ni Irohela lie(v ra ka kea
h~/e lV; nrairi'< ho ::al1 bring mc mn crop homc on thc sledge'? caus.
hohisa (hohisize) (o order or to hcip someone (o pull. fig. to entice. to lurc.
int. -hohelela ( hohelezi ) to pull completely (;ts a canoe agroulld). to catch
up with. to spccd touLtrds to ovcrtake: Mu hone Ikeena lani 1 e hohelela kuw
likonrl/. look at that crocodile catching up with thc cattic (crosshig a
rixer). rec. -hohana hohani or . hohanile) to pull from oppositc sides as in a
tug-ol'-war: (fig) to contest. freq. -hohaka (hohakile) to pull. to drag
rcpcat-edl~. inv. -hoholola (hoholozi) to pull bx thc halid as someolle
un-wilih1g to submit: (refcrs aiso to a dog dragging a prey with its mouth ).
-hohela
(hohezi) v.t. to brh1g a skirt or an Africall kilt to thc desircd sizc at thc
uaist.
-hohoha
(hohohile) v.i. to cra~l. to cretp, der. sihahahi. svn. -kalaha. rel. -hohobela
(hohohezi) to craul touards caus. -hohohisa (hohohi-size) to cause to crawl
-hohoma
( hohomile ) ú .i. to be hoarsc der. mahohoma. svn. -silela, -silelwa.
-hoifa
(hoifile) ú.i. to restrail1. to control. to contain oneself' in a rc-spcctful
manner: to curb one's tongue caus. -hoifisa (hoifisize) to c;luse to ~.
-hola1
(holile) ú.t. (1) to take uhat littic food remains in a pot or platc: Mu fe
hanana ha hole ta mikeke. let the
children eat what remailas on the plates. der. muholi. (2) to rcccive one's
wages: Ni holile nrali a ka niahani, I received mx pay yesterday. (3) to draw
food ra-tions: Lu ka hola sico kaniu. o. we shall draw our food ration
to-morro\A. (4) spec. exp. ku hola ml/tl/, to kill someone hl an ob-scure way
lit. to take his soul out of his body) (withcraft). der. muhole. svn -tukula,
-vomona. -komba. rei. -holela (holezi) (1) to eat left-overs (as children
eating food ieft by parents) (2) to draw money or rations for someone. caus.
-holisa (holisize) (1) to order or to heip someone to gather re-mains of food,
to leave food on the PI<ltc for someone (2) to pay wages. to issue food
rations. syn. -luela. int. -holelela (holelezi) to finish up what remains (of
food. etc . . .).
hola2
(ii-) n. Eng hour. (Rare) svn. nako.: Ki lihola ce kai ku zuu kuw Senanga ku ya
kea Mongu ka mota? ho~s many hours does it take from Senanga to Mongu by car?
-holofala
(holofezi or holofalile) v.i. (i) to get hurt: L'sike uu hapali.sa til7a u ka
holofala, do not play with the knife or you will get hurt: (2) to become
maimed, infirm. crippled. der. sihole, buhole, kolo-falo. rel. -holofalela
(holofalezi) to get hurt at (a place) U il'o holo~a-lela k)ra mikoti, he got
hurt at the mines. caus. -holofaza (holofalize) or -holofalisa (holofalisize)
to hurt someone: to cause something to hurt someone. (see: -holofaza) int.
-holofalelela
( holofalelezi ) to become completely impotent or crippled
-holofaza
(holofalize) v.t. to hurt someone: Ni mu holofali:e ka tira. i hurt hhn with a knife. der. kolo-fazo. rec.
-holofazana (holofazani or holofazanile) to hurt each other. ref. -lkolofaza
(ikolofalize) to hurt oneself: Ni ikolqtalize kuw mun-usna, I have hurt my
finger.
-holoha
(holohile) v.i. to come home (as cattle in the evening). fig. to pass away (as
someone dving of old age). syn. -kuta. caus. -holohisa (holohisize) or -holosa
(holosize) to drive cattle home in the evening.
hona',
adv. right, just: Ki hona, it is all right; hona la. JUst here, just now, hona
fo. just there, at that verx moment.
-hona2
(honile) v.i. to snore to growl (dogs): to grunt (pigs). der. muho-nyi. rel.
-honela (honezi) to growl at. caus. -honisa (honisize) to cause to snore: to
cause to growl. ref. -ihonisa (Ihonisize) or-ikonisa (iko-nisize) to pretend to
snore: Ba iko-ni.sa, ha ha sika lohala, thev are pretending to snore, they are
not asleep.
-hona3(honile)v.t.toweaken,topull
down, to reduce someone to noth-ing: Butuku bu nru honile, his illness has
reduced him to nothing. stat.
-honeha
(honehile) to become very low, to be past recovery. too far gone.
-honona
(hononile) v.i. to be dissat-isfied. caus. -hononisa (hononisize) to cause
someone's dissatisfaction
-honyela
(honyezi) or -honyeza (ho-nyelize) v.i. to withdraw the head (tortoise).
hopani1
(li-) n. iguana. syn. mbulu.
hopani2
(li-) n. thick-leafed forest plant used as relish by Toka-Leya people.
hotela
(li- or ma-) n. Eng. hotel.
-hotola
(hotozi or hotolile) v.i. to cough: v.t. to expectorate. der. si-hotolwa. rel.
-hotolela (hotolezi) to cough towards
someone. caus. -ho-tolisa (hotolisize) to cause to cough.
-hoza
(hozize) v.t. to be hke some-one, To have a resemblance to ~;omeone, to take
after someone (as a child after his parents): Mwa-nana ko u hozize kuku uu hae,
this child resembies his grandfather. der. sihozo, sihoziso. syn. -feka.
hu!
interj. used by someone lost in the forest.
-huba
(hubile) v.i. to walk noisily (as people or cattle hurrying together to some
place).
-hubulula
( hubuluzi ) v.t. to scold someone violently. syn. -hupa. -hu-hubala
(huhubalile or huhubezi) v.i. to get out of shape, to become de-formed by dryness
(as a hide or a skin still unscraped). der. muhu-hulu. caus. -huhubalisa
(huhubali-size) to cause to ~.
-huhula1
( huhuzi ) v.t. ( i ) to gather to-gether sweepings, dead leaves or rubbish.
der. muhuhuli, sahuhula. (2) to take everything away: Musal'a ka u huXuzi
liapalo za hae kaufela rnua ndu. my wife has taken away all her clothes from my
house. rel. -huhulela (huhulezi) (i) to gather sweepings for some-one: (2) to
take away from some-one. caus. -huhulisa (huhulisize) (I ) to order or to help
someone to ~. (2) to order someone to
take awas everything int. -huhulelela (huhule-lezi) to gather up everything: to
take away everything.
-huhula2
(huhuzi) v.i. & v t to hark (at) to howi: rVja i huFl/la ngu e. the dog is
barking at the leopard. der. sahuhula. cf. -caula. rel. -huhulela (huhulezi) to
bark in or at (a place). caus. -huhulisa (huhulisize) to cause to ~.
-huhumuha
(huhumuhile) v.i. to swell to rise (as
dough containing ieavel1). der. muhuhu. svn. -fufu-muka. fig. to flare up in
ragc. caus. -huhumusa (huhumusize ) to causc to ~.
-hukela
(hukezi) v.t. to thread a needle to string heads. fish etc . . . der. muhukeli.
syn. -fululela. fig. (i) to squeeze someone under the arm: (2) to come first to
surpass all others. rel. -hukelela (hukelezi) to ~ for someone. caus. -hukelisa
(hukelisize) to order or to heip someone to ~.
int. -hukelelela (hu-kelelezi) to thread or to string thc whole lot.
-hulal
(hulile) v.i. (1) to grox . to become tall to become of age: Mbon~i hula hande
nrwa mazulu, maize grows weil on the mounds: nrutu wa hulile. adult. an adult
persor. (2) to be great old: Ba hulile .se li nradala. they are ad-vanced in
years. they are alreads grey-heards. der. buhulu buhulo kuliso kulo. rel.
-hulela (hulezi) to grow up to be brought up at or in (a place): U Srulezi
kai" where have vou been brought up" caus. -hulisa (hulisize) (1) to
bring up. to edu-cate: [' huli.sizwe ki kuku wa hae, he was brought up by his
grandfather: (2) to raise to a higher position: (3) to enlarge. fig. to exaggerate:
Ba hulivi:e fela litaba ka buhata, thes falsely cxaggerated the matter. rel.
-huliseza (huliselize) to bring up for someone.
-hula2
(hulile) v.i. to fornicate iespe-cially of women). der. Iihule. buhule.
hule
adv. & interj. (always pre-ceded by 'kwa') (i) A'uaXule P'.lr: ki uakhu/e,
it is far: kwahule ni, far from. (2) (interjection of dendil): not at all: Ki
keaXule. ha ni na ku ku Ja ezul(7, not at all. i shall not givc xou alivthing like that' der. huhule,
muzwahule.
hulu,
adj. old, great, importal1t. paralmoLIlit: ,l.lutu lonil/hulu. an agcd or
h1lportalit person: Mu/ena lonnalrulub the Paramount chief: halu ha hakuhn the
adults. der. huhulu, muhulwani,
-humalela
(humalezi) v.t. to seizc someone ~sith both halids.
-hupa1
(hupile) v.t. to sip, to taste caus. -hupisa (hupisize) to give someolne a sip.
rec. -hupisana (hu-pisani or hupisanile) to sip from a cup gOb1g round. leaving
enough for others. freq. -hupaka (hupakile) to sip novs alid again.
-hupa2
(hupile) v.t. to insult. to abuse. svn. -huhulula.
-hupula
(hupuzi) ú.t. (1) to think. to ponder. to consider: Mu hupula cuairi niza raha
le "what do you think of this" (2) to thhak of, to rc-melilber:
k.'u,l7a la nrina ni sa i hupula. I stili remember your re-quest. (3) to intend
to: Mununl-uwha ni hus7ula ku zaha ndu s etuna, it is my intention to build a
large house this year. (4) to go to: Mu hu/uxia kai'9 \ here are you
going" lit where do Eou intend to go?) Ni hupula kua Mangu, 1 am going to
Mongu. der. kupulo, muhupulo, kupuzo. rel. -hupulela (hupulezi) to thh1k of
someone or of something with a definite intention: Ku hurJu-lela nustu bumamee.
to mistrust, to suspsect: to have esil designs against somebody. caus.
-hupulisa (hupulisize) to remind. rec. -hupuli-sana (hupulisani) to remind each
other. rec. -hupulana (hupulani) to visit or to help cach other. reF. -ikupula
(ikupuzi) to reflect. to con-sider, to make up one's mind. rel. -ikupulela
(ikupulezi) to conceive, to imagine things b) oneself. caus -ikupulisa (ikupulisize) to remind oneself.
to take the initiative.
-huta
(hutile) v.t. to scrub. to rub hard: Mu hute fa tafi~le. scrub the table clean.
fig. to beat someonc with a stick. rel. -hutela (hutezi) to ~ for someone.
caus. -hutisa (huti-zise) to order or to help someone to ~. fre4. -hutaka (hutakile) fig to beat
repeatedly.
-hutuza
(hutulize) v.t. to earn a hirge sal.lry: Naza u hutu:a mali a mairata ka
musebeei uu hae u a bululli, Nawa makes lots of money as a con(ractor.
-huwa
(huwile) v.i. & v.t. to shout. to call (as someone in need of help): ku huvsu
mutu. to call some-one with a loud voice. der. muhuwo, muhuwelo, sihuwo,
kakuwa. syn. -shaela. rel. -huwela (huwezi) to call loudly on behalf of
someone. caus. -huwisa (huwisize) to cause someone to shout.
-huweleza
(huwelelize) v.t. to pro-ciaim. to give public notice (as a touncrier) der.
muhuwelezi, muhu-welezo, muhuwelezezo. rel. -huwele-zeza (huwelezelize) to call
Ver! loudly on someone's behalf.
-hwala-hwala
(hwala-hwalile) v.i. to be restless (as a cou about to calve or as someone
iooking for food uhen starving).
-hwasa
(hwasize) v.i. to be coarse. gritty (as 'huhobe' made of badlx sifted meal):
Buhobe bau hake.sha bau heusa n1uahanu, red millet 'buhohe' is gritts in the
mouth.
-hwaya
(hwaile) a.t. to leave a rough track b} pushing down tall grass or reeds as
cattle returning to the fhits or canoes cutting through grass patches) syn.
-faya. fig. to have a big stomach. always being hungry. stat. -hwaveha
(hwavehile) to be V ide (as a track) fig to have an empty stomach.
-hwela
(hwezi) v.t. to cover. to mate (in reference to a bull) pass. - hwelwa (hwezwi)
to be covered. to be mated (as a cow)
-hs iliva (hwili~ile) v.i. to go to al1d
fro(as a croud on the occasion of a public function).
-hwimukela
(hwimukezi) ú.t. see: -wimukela.
<div>i
Note:
Rellexive verbs formed with prefix 'i' are not included here. They will be
found under the verbai root, e.g. itusa appears under-tusa, ipona under-bona,
etc ... It should be noted however that in many reflexive verbs a change takes
place in the first con-sonant, as follows:
b
becomes p. e.g. bona, ipona
f
becomes p. e.g. fetula, ipetula
l
becomes t, e.g. Iata, itata
h
becomes k. e g. holofaza, ikolo-faza
y
becomes k or c, yaha, ikahela or icahela
Before
an initial vouel, 'k' is in-serted, e.g. -eza, ikeza
I,
i7, pronounced as the 'i' in Ir. 'milk' etc . . . ('i' is never long as in
'fine').
i2,
pron. subj. and obj. uith words without a prefix. which have the plural in li-
(class (i) - li-). it: .Z\_ama i tula hahulu. meat (it) is very ex-pensive: lu
i eile kautela. we have eaten it all.
i3,
Prerix used with transitive verbs to give them a reflexive meaning Ku iziha, to
know oneseif. See note above .
-ibalabata
(ibalabatile) v.i. to trv hard to find mone) to make an urgent purchase or
payment. syn. -ipatapata.
ibalelo,
n. I.uvana. used h1 the ex-pression: Ba ihnlela, people of today: hana ha ihalelo ha ha ului, the vouth
of today are deat' to good advice.
ibe,
conj. and then, when: ... ihe nena a sin'o utew eua/(), .sa nie-nia, . . . and
then. as soon as he heard this. he becarue furious.
ibo,
eonj. but. houever syn. bo.
-icatela
(ieatezi) v.i. to refrain fron eath1g because one is full.
-icocomeza
(icocomelize) v.i. to in-troduce oneself u nexpectediv into a house. to intrude
syn. -lpolyo-meza.
-icoleta
(icoletile) v.t. to tie a piece of material (mulepu) round the waist.
icolwamuywandi
(bo-) n. kind of small tree (hard to break).
iconga
(icongile) v.i. to disappear without leaving a trace syn. -yonga fig-
-icuca
(icucile) v.i. to light upon, to come across. to happen on some-thing: Ha ne ni
vanrala mea mu-shitu .ve ni uo ic7~ea ta tau, kono la tokwa ku ni lwanzva, when
I was walking in the forest I came across a lion. but it did not attack me.
-iculula
(ieuluzi) v.i. to disappear for a long time. sen. -lewanka, -cwankama.
-icumba
(icumbile) v.i. as -iculula.
-icunduta
(icundutile) v.i. to long for: to be envious of (something)
-icwanka
(icwankile) v.i. to disap-pear for a long time syn. -cwan- kama, -iculula.
-ifuta
(ifutile) v.i. to refuse to have anything to do with evil. der. buifuti,
buifuto.
-iheta
(ihetile) v.i. to turn the head back syn. -heta, setuka, temuna.
-ikaca
(ikacile) v.i. to be arrogant. der. muikaci, muikaco, buikaco. rel. -ikacela
(ikacezi) to look down on someone: U sike ua ikacela na, don't iook down on me.
ikacana
(bo-) n. Luyana. stormy rain.
-ikala
(ikalile) v.i. Luyana. to sit down.
ikale, adv. Iong ago, formerly. Baikale.
ancestors. syn. kale.
-ikalelwa
(ikalezwi) v.i. see: -kalelwa.
ikalunda,
n. phitforn1 in the Kuta where the Litunga and important guests sit
-ikambaeta
(ikambaetite) v.i. to forestall. to be before hand: Na ikanrbaeta pula i sika
nela kale. I must go before it rains. syn. -itahanela.
-ikambusa
(ikambusize) v.t. see: -ambuka.
-ikamula
(ikamuzi) v.i. to rain lightly to drizzle.
ikamunga
(bo-) n. a large male wildebeest. cf. kokunu.
ikandulwa
(bo) n. champion. someone who cannot be overcome (from:-kandula).
-ikangabeka
(ikangabekile) v.i. to be proud. to pride oneself on something to boast of
one's exploits: to be self-sufficient syn. -
ikuhumusa.
-ikanyisa
(ikanyisize) v.i. to be impertinent. der. buikanyiso.
-ikashula
(kiashuzi) ú.i. to laugh. to be joyful. to be delighted. freq. -ikashaula
(ikashauzi) to show one's delight
by laughing continually.
-ikata (ikatile) v.i. Only used in the
expression: ku ikata makata to sit cross-legged.
-ikatulusa
(ikatulusize) v.i. see -katuluha.
-ikebula
(ikebuzi) v.i. see: -yebula.
-ikembeka
(ikembekile) v.i. to lean forward in order to hear a conversation. cf. -embama.
-iketa
(iketile) v.i. to be well, at ease: to be comfortable. having no troubles: to
do things without hurrv. der. buiketo. see: -keta.
-ikimela
(ikimezi) v.i. ( i ) to walk with difficulty (as a fat person); (2) to mate
with difficuity on account of stoutness (a bull).
-ikokotola
(ikokotozi) v.i. to encourage oneself; to become stronger. syn. -ltiisa.
-ikokoteza
(ikokotelize) v.i. to get up by making an effort of will. syn. -kokotoka.
-ikola
(ikozi or ikolile) v.i. to enjoy something
to delight in (applied to abundant food. entertainment travel, etc . . .).
-ikumba
(ikumbile) v.t. to envy. to be envious of someone: to be enviable:spec. exp.
Waikumbangetela fumani musebezi' that man who found a job is enviable!
-ikumbuta
(ikumbutite) v.t. to feel envious
towards to desire: U sike wa ikumbuta
lika ve kwahule ni wena, don't desire things which you cannot afford.
-ikumusa
(ikumusize) or-ikuhumusa (ikuhumusize) v.i. to pride oneself on something to be
proud to boast of one's exploits der. muikumusi, uikumuso. syn. -twanga,
-ikangabeka, --ikunga. rel. -ikumuseza (ikumuselize) to be arrogant to someone.
--ikunga
(ikungile) v.i. to be arrogant. der. buikungo. syn. -ikumusa,- -twanga .
ikushenge
(bo-) n. Iargc .seo fish living in deep waters.
-ikwangela
( ikwangezi ) v.i. to try hard to clear oneself from the charge of a fault or
crime to defend oneself
-ila,
( ilile) v.i. (1) to observe a taboo: Ba ilile bueuala nreu ndu aa bona. they
have tabooed beer in their home. (2) to hold someone in awe. der. mwila cf.
-tilula. rel. -llela (ilezi) to observe a taboo on behalf of someone (as a
mother with regard to her baby) caus. -llisa ( ili-size) to cause someone to
observe a taboo. int. -llelela ( ilelezi ) to place someone under a taboo for
ever. rec. -llana (ilani) to hold each other in aze. ref. -lkila (ikilile) as
rec.
-ilama (i